Rising Trend of Deliberate Internet Shutdowns: Technical and Human Rights Impacts

In September 2025, Afghanistan experienced a nationwide internet shutdown ordered by the Taliban government without technical justification. This two-day shutdown disrupted emergency communications following an earthquake, flights, and banking services. Similar shutdowns have been observed in Tanzania, Cameroon, Pakistan, and Nigeria, often without official explanations. According to data from Access Now, there were 296 deliberate internet shutdowns across 54 countries in 2024 and 244 in 2025. The methods used for these shutdowns vary and include total blackouts, targeted blockages of mobile networks or specific platforms, and throttling. These actions have significant technical implications, particularly in disrupting critical services such as emergency communications, financial transactions, and transportation systems. The impacts extend beyond technical disruptions, hindering human rights and potentially concealing abuses. The countries most affected by these shutdowns include India (with 855 incidents), Myanmar (149 incidents), and Pakistan. The trend of increasing internet shutdowns highlights the vulnerabilities of centralized internet infrastructures, which facilitate such disruptions. For cybersecurity professionals, understanding the risks posed by internet shutdowns is crucial. These events can disrupt security monitoring and response systems, complicating efforts to maintain secure communications and protect digital assets. Organizations operating in regions with a history of internet shutdowns should develop contingency plans to maintain critical operations during such events. In conclusion, the rise in deliberate internet shutdowns represents a significant challenge to both cybersecurity and human rights. Addressing this issue requires awareness and planning to mitigate the impacts on critical services and digital rights.