CVE-2025-10432

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-10432

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10432 CVSS Score: 9.8

The vulnerability in question is a stack-based buffer overflow in the Tenda AC1206 router, specifically within the check_param_changed function of the /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWa file in the HTTP Request Handler component. This vulnerability is critical due to its high CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a severe risk. The severity is compounded by the fact that the exploit has been made public, increasing the likelihood of malicious actors leveraging this vulnerability.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Exploitation: The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, meaning an attacker does not need physical access to the device.
• Network-Based Attacks: Given that the vulnerability resides in the HTTP Request Handler, attackers can send specially crafted HTTP requests to trigger the buffer overflow.

Exploitation Methods:

• Manipulation of wanMTU Parameter: By manipulating the wanMTU parameter in HTTP requests, an attacker can cause a stack-based buffer overflow.
• Payload Delivery: Once the buffer overflow is triggered, an attacker can inject malicious code or payloads, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Device:

• Tenda AC1206 router

Affected Firmware Version:

• 15.03.06.23

It is crucial to note that other versions of the firmware may also be affected if they share the same vulnerable codebase.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Firmware Update: Users should immediately update their Tenda AC1206 routers to the latest firmware version provided by the manufacturer.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate the affected devices from critical network segments to limit potential damage.
• Firewall Rules: Implement strict firewall rules to block unauthorized access to the router's management interface.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Patch Management: Establish a regular patch management process to ensure all devices are up-to-date with the latest security patches.
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to monitor for suspicious activities and potential exploitation attempts.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.

5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape

The public disclosure of this vulnerability and its high CVSS score underscore the importance of timely patch management and proactive security measures. The potential for remote exploitation and the widespread use of Tenda routers in both home and small business environments highlight the need for robust security practices across all networked devices.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Function Affected: check_param_changed
• File Location: /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWa
• Parameter Manipulated: wanMTU

Exploit Mechanism:

• The wanMTU parameter is not properly validated, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow when a sufficiently large or malformed input is provided.
• The overflow can be used to overwrite critical data structures, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

Detection and Response:

• Log Analysis: Monitor HTTP request logs for unusual patterns or repeated attempts to manipulate the wanMTU parameter.
• Behavioral Analysis: Use behavioral analysis tools to detect anomalous behavior that may indicate an exploitation attempt.
• Incident Response: Have an incident response plan in place to quickly address and mitigate any detected exploitation attempts.

References:

• GitHub PoC
• VulDB Entry
• VulDB Detailed Information
• VulDB Submission
• Tenda Official Website

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and protect their network infrastructure.