CVE-2025-15010

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-15010

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

CVE ID: CVE-2025-15010 CVSS Score: 9.8

The vulnerability in question is a stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda WH450 firmware version 1.0.0.18. This issue arises from improper handling of the page argument in the /goform/SafeUrlFilter file. The high CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical vulnerability due to its potential for remote exploitation and the severe impact it can have on affected systems.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Exploitation: An attacker can remotely exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the /goform/SafeUrlFilter endpoint.
• Network-Based Attacks: Given that the Tenda WH450 is a wireless router, attackers can leverage network-based attacks to target the device.

Exploitation Methods:

• Buffer Overflow: By manipulating the page argument, an attacker can cause a stack-based buffer overflow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.
• Payload Delivery: An attacker can deliver a malicious payload that, when processed by the vulnerable endpoint, can execute arbitrary code on the device.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Tenda WH450 wireless routers

Affected Software Versions:

• Firmware version 1.0.0.18

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Firmware Update: Users should immediately update to the latest firmware version provided by Tenda, if available.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate the affected devices from critical networks to limit potential damage.
• Firewall Rules: Implement strict firewall rules to restrict access to the /goform/SafeUrlFilter endpoint.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Patching: Ensure that all network devices are regularly updated with the latest security patches.
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to monitor for suspicious activities and potential exploitation attempts.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments on network devices.

5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape

The discovery and public disclosure of this vulnerability highlight the ongoing challenges in securing IoT and network devices. The potential for remote exploitation and the critical nature of the vulnerability underscore the need for robust security practices and continuous monitoring. This incident serves as a reminder for organizations to prioritize the security of all network-connected devices, not just traditional endpoints.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Endpoint: /goform/SafeUrlFilter
• Vulnerable Argument: page
• Type of Vulnerability: Stack-based buffer overflow

Exploitation Steps:

1. Craft Malicious Request: An attacker crafts a request with a manipulated page argument designed to overflow the stack buffer.
2. Send Request: The attacker sends the crafted request to the vulnerable endpoint.
3. Code Execution: If successful, the buffer overflow allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the device.

Detection and Response:

• Log Analysis: Monitor logs for unusual activity related to the /goform/SafeUrlFilter endpoint.
• Anomaly Detection: Implement anomaly detection mechanisms to identify deviations from normal behavior.
• Incident Response: Have a well-defined incident response plan in place to quickly address and mitigate any detected exploitation attempts.

References:

• GitHub PoC
• GitHub Reproduce
• VulDB Entry
• VulDB ID
• VulDB Submit
• Tenda Official Website

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and protect their network infrastructure.