CVE-2025-15045

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-15045

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

CVE ID: CVE-2025-15045

Description: A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified in the Tenda WH450 firmware version 1.0.0.18. The vulnerability resides in an unknown function within the /goform/Natlimit file of the HTTP Request Handler component. The flaw allows for the manipulation of the page argument, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely, and an exploit has been published.

CVSS Score: 9.8

Severity Evaluation: The CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical vulnerability. This high score is due to the potential for remote exploitation, the availability of an exploit, and the severe impact of a successful attack, which could include arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or unauthorized access to sensitive information.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Exploitation: An attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network without requiring physical access to the device.
• HTTP Request Manipulation: The attacker can send specially crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint (/goform/Natlimit) to trigger the buffer overflow.

Exploitation Methods:

• Buffer Overflow: By sending a maliciously crafted HTTP request with a manipulated page argument, an attacker can overflow the stack buffer.
• Code Execution: If the buffer overflow is successfully exploited, the attacker may execute arbitrary code on the device, leading to complete control over the system.
• Denial of Service (DoS): The attacker can cause the device to crash or become unresponsive, leading to a denial of service.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Tenda WH450 devices running firmware version 1.0.0.18.

Software Versions:

• Tenda WH450 firmware version 1.0.0.18.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Firmware Update: Apply the latest firmware update provided by Tenda to mitigate the vulnerability.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate the affected devices from critical networks to limit the potential impact of an attack.
• Firewall Rules: Implement strict firewall rules to restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint (/goform/Natlimit).

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Patching: Establish a regular patching and update schedule for all network devices.
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to monitor for suspicious activity and potential exploitation attempts.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.

5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape

Immediate Impact:

• Increased Risk: The availability of an exploit increases the risk of attacks targeting Tenda WH450 devices.
• Widespread Vulnerability: Given the popularity of Tenda devices, this vulnerability could affect a large number of users and organizations.

Long-Term Impact:

• Reputation Damage: Tenda's reputation may be affected if the vulnerability is widely exploited.
• Industry Awareness: This incident highlights the importance of regular firmware updates and proactive security measures for IoT devices.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Component: HTTP Request Handler
• File: /goform/Natlimit
• Function: Unknown function handling the page argument
• Vulnerability Type: Stack-based buffer overflow

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify Target: Locate Tenda WH450 devices running the vulnerable firmware version.
2. Craft Malicious Request: Create an HTTP request with a manipulated page argument designed to overflow the stack buffer.
3. Send Request: Send the crafted request to the vulnerable endpoint.
4. Exploit: If successful, the attacker can execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service.

Detection and Response:

• Log Analysis: Monitor HTTP request logs for suspicious activity targeting the /goform/Natlimit endpoint.
• Anomaly Detection: Implement anomaly detection mechanisms to identify unusual traffic patterns.
• Incident Response: Develop an incident response plan to quickly address and mitigate any detected exploitation attempts.

References:

• GitHub Repository
• VulDB Entry
• Tenda Official Website

By following these recommendations and staying vigilant, organizations can effectively mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2025-15045 and protect their network infrastructure.