CVE-2025-15046

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-15046

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

CVE ID: CVE-2025-15046

Description: The vulnerability affects Tenda WH450 firmware version 1.0.0.18. Specifically, it involves a stack-based buffer overflow in the HTTP Request Handler component, particularly in the /goform/PPTPClient file. The vulnerability is triggered by manipulating the netmsk argument, which can be exploited remotely.

CVSS Score: 9.8

Severity Evaluation:

• Critical: A CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical vulnerability. The high score is due to the potential for remote exploitation, the severity of the impact (stack-based buffer overflow), and the public disclosure of the exploit.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Exploitation: The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, meaning an attacker does not need physical access to the device.
• Network-Based Attack: Given the nature of the HTTP Request Handler, the attack can be launched over the network.

Exploitation Methods:

• Buffer Overflow: By sending a specially crafted HTTP request with a manipulated netmsk argument, an attacker can cause a stack-based buffer overflow.
• Code Execution: The buffer overflow can potentially lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing the attacker to take control of the device.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Tenda WH450 routers running firmware version 1.0.0.18.

Software Versions:

• Firmware version 1.0.0.18 of Tenda WH450.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Patch Management: Apply the latest firmware update from Tenda as soon as it is available.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate affected devices from critical network segments to limit potential damage.
• Firewall Rules: Implement strict firewall rules to block unauthorized access to the HTTP Request Handler.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Updates: Ensure that all network devices are regularly updated with the latest firmware and security patches.
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to monitor for suspicious network activity.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments on network devices.

5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape

Broader Implications:

• Widespread Use: Tenda routers are widely used in both home and small business environments, making this vulnerability a significant risk.
• Public Exploit: The public disclosure of the exploit increases the likelihood of attacks, as malicious actors can easily obtain and use the exploit code.
• Supply Chain Risks: Vulnerabilities in network devices can have cascading effects, impacting the security of connected systems and data.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Component: HTTP Request Handler
• File: /goform/PPTPClient
• Argument: netmsk
• Type: Stack-based buffer overflow

Exploit Reproduction:

• Proof of Concept (PoC): The PoC is available on GitHub, providing detailed steps to reproduce the vulnerability.
  • PoC Link
  • Reproduction Steps

References:

• VulDB Entry
• VulDB ID
• VulDB Submission
• Tenda Official Website

Conclusion: CVE-2025-15046 represents a critical vulnerability in Tenda WH450 routers that can be exploited remotely to cause stack-based buffer overflows. Immediate mitigation strategies include applying firmware updates, implementing network segmentation, and deploying intrusion detection systems. The public disclosure of the exploit underscores the urgency for affected users to take action to protect their devices and networks.