CVE-2025-25650

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-25650

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

CVE ID: CVE-2025-25650

Description: The vulnerability involves an issue in the storage of NFC card data in the Dorset DG 201 Digital Lock H5_433WBSK_v2.2_220605. This flaw allows attackers to produce cloned NFC cards, effectively bypassing the lock's authentication mechanisms.

CVSS Score: 9.1

Severity Evaluation:

• Critical: The high CVSS score of 9.1 indicates a critical vulnerability. This is due to the potential for unauthorized physical access, which can lead to significant security breaches.
• Impact: The vulnerability can result in unauthorized entry into secured areas, theft, and potential compromise of sensitive information.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• NFC Card Cloning: Attackers can intercept or read the NFC card data during legitimate use and then clone the card.
• Physical Proximity: The attacker needs to be within the NFC range to capture the card data, which is typically a few centimeters.

Exploitation Methods:

• Data Interception: Using NFC-capable devices to read the card data when it is in use.
• Cloning Tools: Utilizing readily available NFC cloning tools and software to duplicate the card data onto a new NFC card.
• Replay Attacks: Capturing the NFC data and replaying it to the lock to gain unauthorized access.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Dorset DG 201 Digital Lock: Specifically, the version H5_433WBSK_v2.2_220605.

Software Versions:

• Firmware Version: v2.2_220605

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Mitigations:

• Firmware Update: Ensure that the lock's firmware is updated to the latest version, which may include patches for this vulnerability.
• Physical Security: Implement additional physical security measures such as surveillance cameras and security personnel.
• Access Control: Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) where possible to add an extra layer of security.

Long-Term Mitigations:

• Encryption: Implement strong encryption for NFC card data to prevent unauthorized reading and cloning.
• Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
• User Education: Educate users on the risks of NFC card cloning and best practices for securing their cards.

5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape

Broader Implications:

• Physical Security: This vulnerability highlights the importance of integrating physical and cybersecurity measures.
• IoT Security: It underscores the need for robust security in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which are increasingly targeted by attackers.
• Compliance: Organizations may need to review their compliance with security standards and regulations, especially in sectors where physical security is critical.

Industry Response:

• Vendor Actions: Vendors should prioritize the development and deployment of patches for such vulnerabilities.
• Community Awareness: Increased awareness within the cybersecurity community about the risks associated with NFC technology.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Technical Analysis:

• Data Storage Flaw: The vulnerability arises from inadequate protection of NFC card data stored within the lock. This data is not sufficiently encrypted or protected, allowing it to be easily read and cloned.
• Exploitation Steps:
  1. Data Capture: Use an NFC-capable device to capture the card data during a legitimate transaction.
  2. Data Analysis: Analyze the captured data to understand its structure and content.
  3. Cloning: Use NFC cloning tools to write the captured data onto a new NFC card.
  4. Access: Present the cloned card to the lock to gain unauthorized access.

Detection and Monitoring:

• Log Analysis: Monitor access logs for unusual patterns or repeated failed attempts, which may indicate an attack.
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to detect and alert on suspicious NFC activities.

Incident Response:

• Containment: Immediately contain the affected lock and restrict access.
• Investigation: Conduct a thorough investigation to determine the extent of the breach and identify any compromised areas.
• Remediation: Apply patches and updates, and implement additional security measures to prevent future incidents.

Conclusion: CVE-2025-25650 represents a significant risk to physical security due to the ease with which NFC card data can be cloned. Organizations must prioritize firmware updates, encryption, and multi-factor authentication to mitigate this vulnerability effectively. The broader cybersecurity community should take note of the increasing risks associated with IoT devices and the need for integrated physical and cybersecurity strategies.

References:

• Dorset Smart Lock Security Assessment Report
• RFID Hacking: Live Free or RFID Hard
• How to Copy Access Cards and Keyfobs