CVE-2025-25775

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-25775

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

CVE ID: CVE-2025-25775 Description: Codeastro Bus Ticket Booking System v1.0 is vulnerable to SQL injection via the kodetiket parameter in /BusTicket-CI/tiket/cekorder. CVSS Score: 9.8

The CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical vulnerability. This high score is due to the potential for complete system compromise, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, data manipulation, and potential loss of data integrity and confidentiality.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• SQL Injection: An attacker can inject malicious SQL code into the kodetiket parameter, which is not properly sanitized. This can lead to unauthorized database queries, data extraction, and manipulation.
• Data Exfiltration: Attackers can extract sensitive information such as user credentials, payment details, and personal information.
• Data Manipulation: Attackers can alter database records, leading to incorrect ticket bookings, financial discrepancies, and service disruptions.

Exploitation Methods:

• Manual Exploitation: An attacker can manually craft SQL injection payloads and send them via the kodetiket parameter to exploit the vulnerability.
• Automated Tools: Attackers can use automated SQL injection tools to identify and exploit the vulnerability, making it easier to extract large amounts of data.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Software:

• Codeastro Bus Ticket Booking System v1.0

Affected Systems:

• Any system running the vulnerable version of the Codeastro Bus Ticket Booking System.
• Systems that have not applied proper input validation and sanitization mechanisms.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Patching: Apply the latest patches and updates provided by the vendor to mitigate the vulnerability.
• Input Validation: Implement strict input validation and sanitization for all user inputs, especially the kodetiket parameter.
• Parameterized Queries: Use parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks.
• Web Application Firewalls (WAF): Deploy WAFs to detect and block malicious SQL injection attempts.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and code reviews to identify and fix vulnerabilities.
• Security Training: Provide security training for developers to ensure they are aware of common vulnerabilities and best practices for secure coding.
• Monitoring: Implement continuous monitoring and logging to detect and respond to suspicious activities.

5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape

The discovery of this vulnerability highlights the ongoing challenge of securing web applications against SQL injection attacks. It underscores the importance of robust input validation, secure coding practices, and regular security audits. The high CVSS score indicates the potential for significant damage, emphasizing the need for proactive security measures.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Vulnerable Parameter: kodetiket
• Vulnerable Endpoint: /BusTicket-CI/tiket/cekorder
• Exploit Method: Injecting malicious SQL code into the kodetiket parameter.

Example Exploit Payload:

kodetiket=1' OR '1'='1

Mitigation Code Example:

// Using prepared statements in PHP
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM orders WHERE kodetiket = :kodetiket");
$stmt->bindParam(':kodetiket', $kodetiket);
$stmt->execute();

References:

• Codeastro Bus Ticket Booking System
• Vulnerability Research on GitHub

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of SQL injection attacks and protect their systems and data.