CVE-2025-26199
CVE-2025-26199
Weakness (CWE)
CVSS Vector
v3.1- Attack Vector
- Network
- Attack Complexity
- Low
- Privileges Required
- None
- User Interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Description
CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0 is affected by an insecure credential transmission vulnerability. The application transmits passwords over unencrypted HTTP during the login process, exposing sensitive credentials to potential interception by network-based attackers. A remote attacker with access to the same network (e.g., public Wi-Fi or compromised router) can capture login credentials via Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) techniques. If the attacker subsequently uses the credentials to log in and exploit administrative functions (e.g., file upload), this may lead to remote code execution depending on the environment.
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-26199
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
Vulnerability Description: CVE-2025-26199 affects CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0, which transmits login credentials over unencrypted HTTP. This insecure transmission exposes sensitive information to potential interception by network-based attackers.
Severity Evaluation: The CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical vulnerability. This high score is due to the potential for remote code execution and the ease with which an attacker can exploit the vulnerability using Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) techniques.
CVSS Breakdown:
- Attack Vector (AV): Network (0.85)
- Attack Complexity (AC): Low (0.77)
- Privileges Required (PR): None (0.85)
- User Interaction (UI): None (0.85)
- Scope (S): Unchanged (6.42)
- Confidentiality (C): High (0.56)
- Integrity (I): High (0.56)
- Availability (A): High (0.56)
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: An attacker on the same network can intercept HTTP traffic to capture login credentials.
- Public Wi-Fi Networks: Users connecting to the application over public Wi-Fi are particularly vulnerable to credential theft.
- Compromised Routers: An attacker with control over a router can intercept and manipulate HTTP traffic.
Exploitation Methods:
- Packet Sniffing: Using tools like Wireshark to capture unencrypted HTTP traffic.
- ARP Spoofing: Redirecting network traffic to the attacker's machine for interception.
- DNS Spoofing: Redirecting users to a malicious server to capture credentials.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Software:
- CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0
Affected Systems:
- Any system running CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0, particularly those accessible over public networks or shared Wi-Fi.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Use HTTPS: Ensure that all login and sensitive data transmissions are conducted over HTTPS to encrypt the data in transit.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the application from public networks to reduce the risk of MitM attacks.
- User Education: Inform users about the risks of using public Wi-Fi and encourage the use of VPNs.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Update Software: Upgrade to a version of CloudClassroom-PHP-Project that supports HTTPS for all communications.
- Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
- Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Add an additional layer of security to the login process.
5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape
Immediate Impact:
- Credential Theft: Increased risk of credential theft leading to unauthorized access and potential data breaches.
- Remote Code Execution: If administrative functions are exploited, attackers could execute arbitrary code, leading to significant security breaches.
Long-Term Impact:
- Reputation Damage: Organizations using the affected software may suffer reputational damage due to data breaches.
- Increased Awareness: This vulnerability highlights the importance of secure communication protocols and may drive broader adoption of HTTPS.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Detection:
- Network Monitoring: Implement network monitoring tools to detect unusual traffic patterns indicative of MitM attacks.
- Log Analysis: Regularly analyze logs for unauthorized access attempts or unusual login activities.
Response:
- Incident Response Plan: Develop and maintain an incident response plan to quickly address any detected breaches.
- Patch Management: Ensure that all software, including CloudClassroom-PHP-Project, is kept up-to-date with the latest security patches.
Prevention:
- Secure Coding Practices: Ensure that all web applications enforce secure communication protocols and avoid transmitting sensitive data over unencrypted channels.
- Regular Penetration Testing: Conduct regular penetration testing to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
References:
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and comprehensively, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of credential theft and subsequent security breaches.