CVE-2025-47275
CVE-2025-47275
Weakness (CWE)
CVSS Vector
v3.1- Attack Vector
- Network
- Attack Complexity
- Low
- Privileges Required
- None
- User Interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- None
Description
Auth0-PHP provides the PHP SDK for Auth0 Authentication and Management APIs. Starting in version 8.0.0-BETA1 and prior to version 8.14.0, session cookies of applications using the Auth0-PHP SDK configured with CookieStore have authentication tags that can be brute forced, which may result in unauthorized access. Certain pre-conditions are required to be vulnerable to this issue: Applications using the Auth0-PHP SDK, or the Auth0/symfony, Auth0/laravel-auth0, and Auth0/wordpress SDKs that rely on the Auth0-PHP SDK; and session storage configured with CookieStore. Upgrade Auth0/Auth0-PHP to v8.14.0 to receive a patch. As an additional precautionary measure, rotating cookie encryption keys is recommended. Note that once updated, any previous session cookies will be rejected.
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-47275
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
CVE ID: CVE-2025-47275
Description: Auth0-PHP SDK versions from 8.0.0-BETA1 to 8.14.0 are vulnerable to a session cookie authentication tag brute force attack. This vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access if certain pre-conditions are met, specifically when session storage is configured with CookieStore.
CVSS Score: 9.1
Severity Evaluation:
- Confidentiality Impact: High
- Integrity Impact: High
- Availability Impact: High
The CVSS score of 9.1 indicates a critical vulnerability. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability underscores the potential for significant damage if exploited.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Brute Force Attack: An attacker can attempt to brute force the authentication tags of session cookies.
- Session Hijacking: Once the authentication tags are compromised, an attacker can hijack user sessions, leading to unauthorized access.
Exploitation Methods:
- Network Sniffing: Capture session cookies over unsecured networks.
- Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Intercept and manipulate session cookies during transmission.
- Automated Scripts: Use automated scripts to brute force the authentication tags.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Software:
- Auth0-PHP SDK versions from 8.0.0-BETA1 to 8.14.0
- Applications using Auth0/symfony, Auth0/laravel-auth0, and Auth0/wordpress SDKs that rely on the Auth0-PHP SDK
Pre-Conditions:
- Session storage configured with CookieStore.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Actions:
- Upgrade: Upgrade Auth0/Auth0-PHP to version 8.14.0 or later to apply the patch.
- Key Rotation: Rotate cookie encryption keys to invalidate any potentially compromised session cookies.
Additional Precautions:
- Secure Transmission: Ensure all session cookies are transmitted over secure channels (e.g., HTTPS).
- Monitoring: Implement monitoring to detect unusual session activity or brute force attempts.
- Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape
Broader Implications:
- Trust Erosion: Compromised session cookies can erode user trust in the affected applications.
- Widespread Impact: Given the widespread use of Auth0 for authentication, this vulnerability can affect a broad range of applications and services.
- Increased Attack Surface: The vulnerability increases the attack surface for applications relying on Auth0 for authentication.
Industry Response:
- Vendor Patching: Auth0 has released a patch, demonstrating a proactive approach to vulnerability management.
- Community Awareness: The cybersecurity community should be aware of the vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate risks.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Authentication Tags: The vulnerability lies in the weak implementation of authentication tags in session cookies, making them susceptible to brute force attacks.
- Session Storage: The issue is specific to applications using CookieStore for session storage.
Patch Analysis:
- Fix: The patch in version 8.14.0 addresses the weakness in authentication tags, making them more resistant to brute force attacks.
- Compatibility: The patch is backward compatible, but any previous session cookies will be rejected, necessitating key rotation.
References:
- Auth0-PHP Commit
- Auth0-PHP Release 8.14.0
- Auth0-PHP Security Advisory
- Laravel-Auth0 Security Advisory
- Symfony Security Advisory
- WordPress Security Advisory
Conclusion: CVE-2025-47275 represents a critical vulnerability in the Auth0-PHP SDK that can lead to unauthorized access through brute force attacks on session cookies. Immediate patching and key rotation are essential mitigation strategies. The broader cybersecurity community should remain vigilant and proactive in addressing similar vulnerabilities to maintain the integrity and security of authentication mechanisms.