CVE-2025-47869
CVE-2025-47869
Weakness (CWE)
CVSS Vector
v3.1- Attack Vector
- Network
- Attack Complexity
- Low
- Privileges Required
- None
- User Interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Description
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability was discovered in Apache NuttX RTOS apps/exapmles/xmlrpc application. In this example application device stats structure that stored remotely provided parameters had hardcoded buffer size which could lead to buffer overflow. Structure members buffers were updated to valid size of CONFIG_XMLRPC_STRINGSIZE+1. This issue affects Apache NuttX RTOS users that may have used or base their code on example application as presented in releases from 6.22 before 12.9.0. Users of XMLRPC in Apache NuttX RTOS are advised to review their code for this pattern and update buffer sizes as presented in the version of the example in release 12.9.0.
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-47869
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
Vulnerability Type: The vulnerability is classified as an "Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer," commonly known as a buffer overflow. This type of vulnerability occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer than it can hold, leading to memory corruption.
Severity: The CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) score for this vulnerability is 9.8, which is considered critical. This high score indicates that the vulnerability can be easily exploited and can lead to severe consequences, including system crashes, data corruption, and unauthorized code execution.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Remote Exploitation: An attacker could send specially crafted XML-RPC requests to the vulnerable application, causing a buffer overflow.
- Local Exploitation: If an attacker has local access to the system, they could manipulate the input data to trigger the buffer overflow.
Exploitation Methods:
- Code Execution: By overwriting adjacent memory, an attacker could inject and execute arbitrary code.
- Denial of Service (DoS): The buffer overflow could cause the application to crash, leading to a denial of service.
- Data Corruption: The overflow could corrupt critical data structures, leading to unpredictable behavior and potential data loss.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Systems running Apache NuttX RTOS with the XML-RPC example application.
Software Versions:
- Apache NuttX RTOS versions from 6.22 to 12.9.0 are affected.
- Users who have based their code on the example application in these versions are at risk.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Actions:
- Update Software: Upgrade to Apache NuttX RTOS version 12.9.0 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
- Code Review: Review and update any custom code based on the vulnerable example application to ensure buffer sizes are correctly set to
CONFIG_XMLRPC_STRINGSIZE+1.
Long-Term Strategies:
- Input Validation: Implement robust input validation to ensure that data received from remote sources does not exceed buffer limits.
- Memory Protection: Use memory protection techniques such as stack canaries, address space layout randomization (ASLR), and non-executable memory to mitigate the impact of buffer overflows.
- Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and code reviews to identify and fix potential vulnerabilities.
5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape
Immediate Impact:
- System Integrity: The vulnerability poses a significant risk to the integrity and availability of systems running the affected software.
- Data Security: Sensitive data could be compromised if an attacker exploits the vulnerability to execute arbitrary code.
Long-Term Impact:
- Reputation: Organizations using the affected software may face reputational damage if a breach occurs.
- Compliance: Failure to address the vulnerability could result in non-compliance with regulatory requirements, leading to legal and financial penalties.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- The vulnerability is located in the
apps/examples/xmlrpcapplication of Apache NuttX RTOS. - The issue arises from a hardcoded buffer size in the device stats structure, which stores remotely provided parameters.
- The buffer size has been updated to
CONFIG_XMLRPC_STRINGSIZE+1in version 12.9.0 to mitigate the risk of buffer overflow.
Detection and Monitoring:
- Log Analysis: Monitor system logs for unusual activity or errors related to the XML-RPC application.
- Intrusion Detection: Implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) to detect and alert on suspicious network traffic targeting the XML-RPC service.
- Patch Management: Ensure that all systems are regularly updated with the latest security patches and that any custom code is reviewed for similar vulnerabilities.
Conclusion: CVE-2025-47869 is a critical buffer overflow vulnerability in the Apache NuttX RTOS XML-RPC example application. Organizations using the affected software should prioritize updating to the latest version and reviewing their code for similar issues. Implementing robust input validation, memory protection techniques, and regular security audits can help mitigate the risk of future vulnerabilities.
References:
This comprehensive analysis should help cybersecurity professionals understand the severity of the vulnerability, the potential attack vectors, and the necessary mitigation strategies to protect their systems effectively.