CVE-2025-54119
CVE-2025-54119
Weakness (CWE)
CVSS Vector
v3.1- Attack Vector
- Network
- Attack Complexity
- Low
- Privileges Required
- None
- User Interaction
- None
- Scope
- Changed
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- Low
Description
ADOdb is a PHP database class library that provides abstractions for performing queries and managing databases. In versions 5.22.9 and below, improper escaping of a query parameter may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary SQL statements when the code using ADOdb connects to a sqlite3 database and calls the metaColumns(), metaForeignKeys() or metaIndexes() methods with a crafted table name. This is fixed in version 5.22.10. To workaround this issue, only pass controlled data to metaColumns(), metaForeignKeys() and metaIndexes() method's $table parameter.
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-54119
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
CVE ID: CVE-2025-54119
Description:
The vulnerability affects ADOdb, a PHP database class library, in versions 5.22.9 and below. It arises from improper escaping of a query parameter, which can lead to SQL injection when specific methods (metaColumns(), metaForeignKeys(), and metaIndexes()) are called with a crafted table name while connected to a sqlite3 database.
CVSS Score: 10
Severity Evaluation: A CVSS score of 10 indicates a critical vulnerability. This high score is due to the potential for complete system compromise, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, data manipulation, and potential denial of service. The vulnerability is particularly severe because it allows for arbitrary SQL execution, which can have far-reaching consequences.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- SQL Injection: An attacker can craft a malicious table name that, when passed to the vulnerable methods, results in the execution of arbitrary SQL statements.
- Data Exfiltration: Attackers can extract sensitive information from the database.
- Data Manipulation: Attackers can alter, delete, or insert data into the database.
- Denial of Service: Attackers can execute SQL commands that disrupt the normal operation of the database.
Exploitation Methods:
- Crafted Input: An attacker can inject SQL commands by manipulating the table name parameter.
- Automated Tools: Attackers may use automated tools to scan for vulnerable instances of ADOdb and exploit them.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Software:
- ADOdb versions 5.22.9 and below.
Affected Systems:
- Any system or application that uses ADOdb to connect to a sqlite3 database and calls the
metaColumns(),metaForeignKeys(), ormetaIndexes()methods.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Upgrade: Upgrade to ADOdb version 5.22.10 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
- Input Validation: Ensure that only controlled and validated data is passed to the
metaColumns(),metaForeignKeys(), andmetaIndexes()methods.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Code Review: Conduct a thorough code review to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
- Security Training: Educate developers on secure coding practices, particularly regarding SQL injection prevention.
- Regular Updates: Implement a regular update and patch management process to ensure that all software dependencies are up-to-date.
5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape
Immediate Impact:
- Increased Risk: Organizations using ADOdb are at increased risk of SQL injection attacks, which can lead to data breaches and other security incidents.
- Reputation Damage: Companies experiencing data breaches due to this vulnerability may face reputational damage and legal consequences.
Long-Term Impact:
- Enhanced Awareness: This vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices and regular software updates.
- Improved Security Measures: The cybersecurity community may develop more robust tools and techniques for detecting and mitigating SQL injection vulnerabilities.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Root Cause: Improper escaping of query parameters in the
metaColumns(),metaForeignKeys(), andmetaIndexes()methods. - Exploitation: An attacker can inject SQL commands by manipulating the table name parameter, leading to arbitrary SQL execution.
Detection:
- Code Analysis: Use static and dynamic code analysis tools to detect improper escaping and potential SQL injection points.
- Monitoring: Implement database monitoring to detect unusual SQL queries and potential injection attempts.
Mitigation:
- Parameterized Queries: Use parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection.
- Escaping: Ensure proper escaping of all user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries.
- Least Privilege: Apply the principle of least privilege to database accounts, limiting their permissions to only what is necessary.
References:
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of SQL injection attacks and protect their sensitive data.