CVE-2025-55619

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of CVE-2025-55619

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55619

Description: Reolink v4.54.0.4.20250526 contains a hardcoded encryption key and initialization vector (IV). This vulnerability allows an attacker to decrypt access tokens and web session tokens stored inside the app via reverse engineering.

CVSS Score: 9.8

Severity Evaluation:

• Confidentiality Impact: High
• Integrity Impact: High
• Availability Impact: High

The CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical vulnerability. The use of hardcoded encryption keys and IVs significantly compromises the security of sensitive data, making it easier for attackers to decrypt and access tokens, leading to potential unauthorized access and data breaches.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

1. Reverse Engineering: An attacker can decompile the application to extract the hardcoded encryption key and IV.
2. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Once the encryption key and IV are known, an attacker can intercept and decrypt network traffic.
3. Token Theft: Decrypted access tokens and web session tokens can be used to impersonate legitimate users, leading to unauthorized access to user accounts and data.

Exploitation Methods:

1. Static Analysis: Using tools like JADX or APKTool to decompile the APK and locate the hardcoded encryption key and IV.
2. Dynamic Analysis: Running the application in a controlled environment to observe how encryption and decryption processes are handled.
3. Network Traffic Interception: Using tools like Wireshark or Burp Suite to capture and analyze encrypted traffic, then decrypt it using the extracted key and IV.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Software:

• Reolink Android App v4.54.0.4.20250526

Affected Systems:

• Any Android device running the specified version of the Reolink app.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

1. Immediate Actions:

   • Update the Application: Ensure all users update to a patched version of the Reolink app that no longer uses hardcoded encryption keys and IVs.
   • Monitor for Suspicious Activity: Implement monitoring to detect any unusual access patterns or unauthorized activities.

2. Long-Term Mitigations:

   • Dynamic Key Management: Implement a dynamic key management system where encryption keys and IVs are generated and managed securely.
   • Secure Storage: Use secure storage mechanisms like Android Keystore for storing encryption keys.
   • Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and code reviews to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.

5. Impact on Cybersecurity Landscape

The presence of hardcoded encryption keys and IVs in widely used applications like Reolink highlights a significant risk in the cybersecurity landscape. It underscores the importance of secure coding practices and the need for continuous security assessments. This vulnerability can lead to widespread data breaches and loss of user trust, emphasizing the necessity for robust security measures in mobile applications.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Technical Analysis:

• Encryption Algorithm: The vulnerability involves the use of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with a hardcoded key and IV.
• Key and IV Extraction: The hardcoded key and IV can be extracted by decompiling the APK and analyzing the source code.
• Decryption Process: Once the key and IV are known, an attacker can use standard decryption tools to decrypt the stored tokens.

References:

1. CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
2. CWE-329: Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode
3. Android EncryptedSharedPreferences
4. CVE-2020-25173
5. Reolink Android App Vulnerability Details

Conclusion: CVE-2025-55619 represents a critical vulnerability that underscores the importance of secure coding practices and dynamic key management. Immediate mitigation strategies include updating the application and monitoring for suspicious activity, while long-term solutions involve implementing robust security measures and conducting regular security audits. This vulnerability serves as a reminder of the potential risks associated with hardcoded encryption keys and the need for continuous vigilance in the cybersecurity landscape.