EUVD-2024-2658

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2024-2658

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2024-2658 affects the CometVisu add-on of openHAB, an open-source home automation software. The issue arises from the proxy endpoint of the CometVisu add-on being accessible without authentication, which can be exploited for Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. The severity of this vulnerability is rated with a CVSS base score of 10.0, indicating a critical risk. The CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N highlights the following characteristics:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) - The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) - The attack requires minimal skill or resources.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) - No privileges are required to exploit the vulnerability.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) - No user interaction is required for the attack to succeed.
• Scope (S): Changed (C) - The vulnerability affects a different security scope.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) - Complete loss of confidentiality.
• Integrity (I): High (H) - Complete loss of integrity.
• Availability (A): None (N) - No impact on availability.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

• Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): An attacker can exploit the unauthenticated proxy endpoint to induce GET HTTP requests to internal-only servers. This can lead to unauthorized access to internal resources, data exfiltration, and potential lateral movement within the network.
• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): By re-routing a request to a malicious server, an attacker can return a page with malicious JavaScript code. Since the browser receives this data directly from the openHAB CometVisu UI, the JavaScript code will be executed with the origin of the CometVisu UI. This can lead to session hijacking, data theft, and further exploitation of the openHAB server.
• Remote Code Execution (RCE): When chained with other vulnerabilities, the SSRF and XSS issues can potentially lead to RCE, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected server.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The vulnerability affects versions of the CometVisu add-on prior to 4.2.1. Users are advised to upgrade to version 4.2.1 or later to mitigate the risk.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

• Immediate Patching: Upgrade to version 4.2.1 of the CometVisu add-on to apply the security patch.
• Network Segmentation: Ensure that openHAB servers are not exposed to non-private networks. Implement network segmentation to limit the attack surface.
• Access Controls: Implement strict access controls and authentication mechanisms for all endpoints, especially those related to administrative functions.
• Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate potential risks.
• User Education: Educate users about the risks of clicking on suspicious links and the importance of verifying the authenticity of requests.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly for organizations and individuals using openHAB for home automation. The potential for SSRF, XSS, and RCE attacks can lead to data breaches, unauthorized access, and compromise of critical infrastructure. Given the widespread use of home automation systems, this vulnerability underscores the need for robust security measures and continuous monitoring.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

• Vulnerability Identification:

  • EUVD ID: EUVD-2024-2658
  • CVE ID: CVE-2024-42467
  • GHSA ID: GHSA-v7gr-mqpj-wwh3

• Affected Component:

  • Product: openhab-webui
  • Vendor: openhab
  • Version: < 4.2.1

• References:

  • GitHub Security Advisory
  • NVD Detail
  • GitHub Commit
  • GitHub Repository
  • ProxyResource.java Source Code

• EPSS Score: 2 (indicating a low likelihood of exploitation in the wild, but still a significant risk due to the critical nature of the vulnerability)

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing the recommended mitigation strategies, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture.