EUVD-2024-28178

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2024-28178

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

Vulnerability Description: The EUVD entry EUVD-2024-28178 describes a command injection vulnerability in NextcloudPi, a ready-to-use image for various hardware platforms including Virtual Machines, Raspberry Pi, Odroid HC1, and Rock64. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as the root user via the NextcloudPi web-panel. The critical aspect is that no authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability due to a security misconfiguration.

Severity Evaluation: The vulnerability has a CVSS Base Score of 10.0, which is the highest possible score, indicating a critical severity. The CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H breaks down as follows:

• AV:N (Attack Vector: Network) - The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• AC:L (Attack Complexity: Low) - The attack requires low complexity to execute.
• PR:N (Privileges Required: None) - No privileges are required to exploit the vulnerability.
• UI:N (User Interaction: None) - No user interaction is required.
• S:C (Scope: Changed) - The vulnerability affects a different security scope.
• C:H (Confidentiality: High) - There is a high impact on confidentiality.
• I:H (Integrity: High) - There is a high impact on integrity.
• A:H (Availability: High) - There is a high impact on availability.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Unauthenticated Access: An attacker can exploit the vulnerability without needing any credentials, making it highly accessible.
• Command Injection: The attacker can inject malicious commands through the NextcloudPi web-panel, which are then executed with root privileges.

Exploitation Methods:

• Remote Code Execution (RCE): By crafting specific input to the web-panel, an attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system.
• Privilege Escalation: Since the commands are executed as the root user, the attacker gains full control over the system.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Any system running NextcloudPi, including Virtual Machines, Raspberry Pi, Odroid HC1, Rock64, and other compatible boards.

Affected Software Versions:

• NextcloudPi versions prior to 1.53.1.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Mitigation:

• Upgrade: Upgrade NextcloudPi to version 1.53.1 or later, which includes the security patch for this vulnerability.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate NextcloudPi instances from public networks to limit exposure.
• Access Control: Implement strict access controls to restrict access to the NextcloudPi web-panel.

Long-Term Mitigation:

• Regular Patching: Ensure that all software, including NextcloudPi, is regularly updated to the latest versions.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate potential security issues.
• Intrusion Detection: Implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor for suspicious activities.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

Impact Assessment:

• Widespread Use: NextcloudPi is widely used in various environments, including personal, educational, and small business settings. The vulnerability poses a significant risk to these users.
• Data Breach: The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability means that a successful exploit could lead to data breaches, unauthorized access, and system compromise.
• Regulatory Compliance: Organizations in the EU must comply with GDPR and other regulations, making it crucial to address this vulnerability promptly to avoid legal and financial repercussions.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Technical Analysis:

• Command Injection Mechanism: The vulnerability likely arises from improper sanitization of user input in the web-panel, allowing malicious commands to be injected and executed.
• Security Misconfiguration: The lack of authentication requirements for the web-panel exacerbates the risk, making it easier for attackers to exploit the vulnerability.
• Mitigation Steps:
  • Input Validation: Ensure that all user inputs are properly validated and sanitized to prevent command injection.
  • Authentication: Implement robust authentication mechanisms to restrict access to the web-panel.
  • Least Privilege: Apply the principle of least privilege to limit the permissions of the web-panel and underlying processes.

References:

• GitHub Advisory: GHSA-m597-72v7-j982
• CVE ID: CVE-2024-30247
• GSD ID: GSD-2024-30247

Conclusion: The command injection vulnerability in NextcloudPi is a critical issue that requires immediate attention. Organizations and individuals using NextcloudPi should prioritize upgrading to the patched version and implement additional security measures to mitigate the risk. The widespread use of NextcloudPi underscores the importance of addressing this vulnerability to maintain the integrity and security of European cyber infrastructure.