Description
Command injection in the <redacted> parameter of a <redacted>.exe request leads to remote code execution as the root user. This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC models before version 24120701. Likelihood: Moderate – This action is not a common place for command injection vulnerabilities to occur. Thus, an attacker will likely only be able to find this vulnerability by reverse-engineering the firmware or trying it on all <redacted> fields. The attacker will also need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted> binary, or convince a user with such access to execute a payload. Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and delete files and services. CVSS clarification. The attack can be executed over any network connection the station is listening to and serves the web interface (AV:N), and there are no additional security measure sin place that need to be circumvented (AC:L), the attack does not rely on preconditions (AT:N). The attack does require authentication, but the level of authentication is irrelevant (PR:L), it does not require user interaction (UI:N). If is a full system compromise, potentially fully compromising confidentiality, integrity and availability of the devicer (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H). A compromised charger can be used to "pivot" onto networks that should otherwise be closed, cause a low confidentiality and interity impact on subsequent systems. (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Because this device is an EV charger handing significant amounts of power, we suspect this vulnerability can have a safety impact (S:P). The attack can be automated (AU:Y).
EPSS Score:
1%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2024-40392
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
Vulnerability Description:
The vulnerability involves a command injection flaw in the <redacted> parameter of a <redacted>.exe request in the Iocharger firmware for AC models before version 24120701. This flaw allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges, leading to remote code execution (RCE).
Severity Evaluation:
- CVSS Base Score: 9.3
- CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y
- Impact: Critical
The high CVSS score indicates a severe vulnerability due to the potential for full system compromise, including confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. The attack can be automated and does not require user interaction, making it highly exploitable.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Network-Based Attack: The attacker can exploit the vulnerability over any network connection the charging station is listening to, particularly the web interface.
- Reverse Engineering: An attacker might reverse-engineer the firmware to identify the vulnerable parameter.
- Low Privilege Account: The attacker needs a low-privilege account to access the
<redacted>.exebinary or convince a user with such access to execute a payload.
Exploitation Methods:
- Command Injection: Crafting a malicious input to the
<redacted>parameter to inject commands. - Automated Scripts: Developing automated scripts to exploit the vulnerability, given the low complexity and lack of user interaction required.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Iocharger firmware for AC models before version 24120701.
Software Versions:
- All versions of the Iocharger firmware for AC models prior to 24120701 are vulnerable.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Firmware Update: Upgrade to Iocharger firmware version 24120701 or later.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the charging stations from critical networks to limit the attack surface.
- Access Control: Implement strict access controls to limit who can access the web interface and firmware.
- Monitoring: Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor for unusual activity.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Code Review: Conduct thorough code reviews to identify and fix similar vulnerabilities.
- Security Training: Train developers and administrators on secure coding practices and firmware security.
- Regular Audits: Perform regular security audits and vulnerability assessments.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
Direct Impact:
- Critical Infrastructure: EV charging stations are part of critical infrastructure, and their compromise can lead to significant disruptions.
- Safety Risks: Given the high power handling, safety risks are elevated, potentially leading to physical harm.
Indirect Impact:
- Pivoting Attacks: Compromised chargers can be used to pivot into other networks, increasing the risk of broader cyber-attacks.
- Regulatory Compliance: Non-compliance with cybersecurity regulations can result in legal and financial penalties.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Type: Command Injection
- Parameter:
<redacted> - Binary:
<redacted>.exe - Privilege: Root
Exploitation Steps:
- Identify Vulnerable Parameter: Use reverse engineering or fuzzing techniques to identify the vulnerable parameter.
- Craft Malicious Input: Develop a payload that injects commands into the
<redacted>parameter. - Execute Payload: Use a low-privilege account to execute the payload or convince a user to do so.
Detection and Response:
- Log Analysis: Monitor logs for unusual command execution or unauthorized access attempts.
- Behavioral Analysis: Use behavioral analysis tools to detect anomalous activities.
- Incident Response: Have an incident response plan in place to quickly address any detected exploitation attempts.
References:
Conclusion: The command injection vulnerability in Iocharger firmware poses a significant risk to the security and safety of EV charging infrastructure. Immediate mitigation through firmware updates and network segmentation is crucial. Long-term strategies should focus on enhancing security practices and regular audits to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.