Description
Authenticated command injection in the filename of a <redacted>.exe request leads to remote code execution as the root user. This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC models before version 24120701. Likelihood: Moderate – This action is not a common place for command injection vulnerabilities to occur. Thus, an attacker will likely only be able to find this vulnerability by reverse-engineering the firmware or trying it on all <redacted> fields. The attacker will also need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted> binary, or convince a user with such access to execute a payload. Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and delete files and services. CVSS clarification: This attack can be performed over any network conenction serving the web interfacr (AV:N), and there are not additional mitigating measures that need to be circumvented (AC:L) or other prerequisites (AT:N). The attack does require privileges, but the level does not matter (PR:L), there is no user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leeds to a full compromised of the charger (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) and a compromised charger can be used to "pivot" to networks that should normally not be reachable (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Because this is an EV chargers with significant pwoer, there is a potential safety imp0act (S:P). THis attack can be automated (AU:Y).
EPSS Score:
1%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2024-40393
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
Vulnerability Description:
The vulnerability EUVD-2024-40393 involves an authenticated command injection in the filename of a <redacted>.exe request, leading to remote code execution (RCE) as the root user. This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC models before version 24120701.
Severity Evaluation:
- CVSS Base Score: 9.3
- CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y
The high CVSS score indicates a critical vulnerability due to the potential for full system compromise and the ability to pivot to other networks. The attack can be performed over any network connection serving the web interface, requires low privileges, and can be automated.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Reverse Engineering: An attacker could reverse-engineer the firmware to identify the vulnerable
<redacted>.exerequest. - Brute Force: An attacker might try command injection on all
<redacted>fields to find the vulnerability. - Social Engineering: Convincing a low-privilege user to execute a payload that exploits the vulnerability.
Exploitation Methods:
- Command Injection: Crafting a malicious filename in the
<redacted>.exerequest to inject commands. - Remote Code Execution: Executing arbitrary code as the root user, allowing full control over the charging station.
- Network Pivoting: Using the compromised charger to access other networks that are normally inaccessible.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Iocharger firmware for AC models
Affected Versions:
- All versions before 24120701
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
- Firmware Update: Immediately update to Iocharger firmware version 24120701 or later.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate charging stations on separate network segments to limit lateral movement.
- Access Control: Implement strict access controls to limit who can access the web interface of the charging stations.
- Monitoring and Logging: Enhance monitoring and logging to detect and respond to suspicious activities.
- User Education: Educate users about the risks of executing unknown payloads and the importance of following security protocols.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
Immediate Impact:
- Critical Infrastructure: Compromise of EV charging stations can disrupt critical infrastructure, affecting transportation and energy sectors.
- Safety Risks: Potential safety impacts due to the significant power involved in EV charging stations.
- Data Integrity: Unauthorized access can lead to data breaches and integrity issues.
Long-term Impact:
- Regulatory Compliance: Increased scrutiny and potential regulatory changes to enhance the security of IoT devices and critical infrastructure.
- Public Trust: Erosion of public trust in the security of EV charging infrastructure, potentially impacting the adoption of electric vehicles.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Technical Analysis:
- Command Injection: The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject commands through the filename of a
<redacted>.exerequest. This is a classic example of command injection where user input is not properly sanitized. - RCE as Root: The ability to execute commands as the root user means the attacker has full control over the system, including the ability to add, modify, and delete files and services.
- Network Pivoting: Once the charging station is compromised, it can be used as a pivot point to access other networks, potentially leading to further compromises.
Detection and Response:
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to monitor for unusual network traffic and command injection attempts.
- Incident Response Plan: Develop and implement an incident response plan specific to EV charging stations to quickly detect and respond to compromises.
- Patch Management: Ensure a robust patch management process to apply updates promptly.
References:
Conclusion: The vulnerability EUVD-2024-40393 represents a significant risk to the security and safety of EV charging infrastructure. Immediate mitigation strategies, including firmware updates and enhanced security measures, are essential to protect against potential exploitation. The European cybersecurity landscape must address this vulnerability to maintain the integrity and trust in critical infrastructure.