Description
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in Iocharger firmware for AC models allows OS Command Injection as root This issue affects all Iocharger AC EV charger models on a firmware version before 25010801. Likelihood: Moderate – The <redacted> binary does not seem to be used by the web interface, so it might be more difficult to find. It seems to be largely the same binary as used by the Iocharger Pedestal charging station, however. The attacker will also need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted> binary, or convince a user with such access to execute a crafted HTTP request. Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and delete files and services. CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
EPSS Score:
2%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2024-40398
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2024-40398 pertains to a Command Injection flaw in the Iocharger firmware for AC models. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges. The severity of this vulnerability is critical due to the potential for full system compromise and the ability to manipulate files and services on the affected device.
CVSS Base Score: 9.3 CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y
The high CVSS score reflects the significant impact and ease of exploitation, particularly given the potential safety implications due to the device handling substantial electrical power.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Network Access: The vulnerability can be exploited over the network (AV:N), making it accessible to remote attackers.
- Low Privilege Account: An attacker needs a low-privilege account to access the vulnerable binary or convince a user with such access to execute a crafted HTTP request.
Exploitation Methods:
- Crafted HTTP Requests: An attacker can send specially crafted HTTP requests to the web interface of the Iocharger device, which can then be processed by the vulnerable binary.
- Command Injection: By injecting malicious commands into the HTTP requests, the attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- All Iocharger AC EV charger models.
Affected Software Versions:
- Firmware versions before 25010801.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Actions:
- Firmware Update: Upgrade the firmware to version 25010801 or later, which includes the patch for this vulnerability.
- Access Control: Restrict access to the web interface to trusted networks and users.
- Monitoring: Implement monitoring and logging to detect and respond to suspicious activities.
Long-Term Strategies:
- Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments.
- User Education: Educate users about the risks of executing untrusted HTTP requests.
- Network Segmentation: Segment the network to limit the potential impact of a compromised device.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly in the context of critical infrastructure such as EV charging stations. The potential for full system compromise and the ability to pivot into other networks highlight the need for robust security measures in IoT and industrial control systems.
Regulatory Implications:
- Compliance: Organizations must ensure compliance with relevant cybersecurity regulations and standards.
- Incident Response: Develop and maintain incident response plans to address vulnerabilities promptly.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Binary Involvement: The vulnerability is associated with a specific binary used by the Iocharger firmware, which is not directly exposed via the web interface but can be accessed with low-privilege credentials.
- Command Injection: The flaw allows for the injection of OS commands, leading to full control over the device.
Exploitation Steps:
- Gain Access: Obtain a low-privilege account or convince a user to execute a crafted HTTP request.
- Craft HTTP Request: Create an HTTP request that includes malicious commands.
- Execute Command: Send the request to the vulnerable binary, resulting in command execution with root privileges.
Detection and Response:
- Log Analysis: Analyze logs for unusual command executions and HTTP requests.
- Intrusion Detection: Implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor for suspicious activities.
- Patch Management: Ensure timely application of security patches and updates.
References:
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can mitigate the risks associated with this critical flaw and enhance the overall security posture of their EV charging infrastructure.