Description
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability allows OS Command Injection as root This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701. Likelihood: Moderate – It might be difficult for an attacker to identify the file structure of the <redated> directory, and then modify the backup to add a new CGI script in the correct directory. Furthermore, the attacker will need an account to restore the settings backup, or convince a user with such access to upload a modified backup file. Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and deletefiles and services. CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
EPSS Score:
1%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2024-40400
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability EUVD-2024-40400, also known as CVE-2024-43656, is classified as an "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')" vulnerability. This type of vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges, which is extremely dangerous.
Severity Evaluation:
- CVSS Base Score: 9.3 (Critical)
- CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y
The high CVSS score indicates a critical vulnerability due to the potential for full system compromise and the ability to pivot into other networks. The safety impact (S:P) is particularly concerning given the nature of the device (an EV charger handling significant power).
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Network Access (AV:N): The vulnerability can be exploited over the network, making it accessible to remote attackers.
- Low Complexity (AC:L): The attack does not require sophisticated techniques to exploit.
- Low Privileges Required (PR:L): The attacker needs minimal authentication, which can be easily obtained.
Exploitation Methods:
- Identify File Structure: The attacker needs to understand the file structure of the
<redated>directory. - Modify Backup: The attacker modifies the backup to include a new CGI script.
- Upload Modified Backup: The attacker either uploads the modified backup themselves or convinces a user with the necessary access to do so.
- Execute Commands: Once the modified backup is restored, the attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers
Affected Versions:
- All versions before 24120701
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
- Update Firmware: Immediately update the firmware to version 24120701 or later.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the charging stations from critical networks to limit the potential for lateral movement.
- Access Controls: Implement strict access controls to limit who can upload settings backups.
- Monitoring: Implement continuous monitoring for unusual activity, especially around the web UI and backup restoration processes.
- User Education: Educate users about the risks of uploading unverified backups and the importance of verifying the integrity of backup files.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly in the context of critical infrastructure. EV chargers are becoming increasingly common, and their compromise could lead to:
- Safety Risks: Potential physical damage or safety hazards due to unauthorized control over high-power devices.
- Network Compromise: Pivoting from compromised chargers to other networks, potentially affecting broader infrastructure.
- Economic Impact: Disruption of EV charging services, leading to economic losses and reduced trust in EV infrastructure.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Technical Overview:
- Vulnerability Type: Command Injection
- Exploitation: Requires understanding of the file structure and the ability to modify and upload a settings backup.
- Impact: Full control over the charging station as the root user, allowing arbitrary file and service manipulation.
Detection and Response:
- Log Analysis: Monitor logs for unusual command executions or unauthorized access attempts.
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to detect and alert on suspicious network activity.
- Incident Response Plan: Develop and implement an incident response plan specific to this vulnerability, including steps for containment, eradication, and recovery.
References:
Conclusion: The EUVD-2024-40400 vulnerability represents a critical risk to the security and safety of EV charging infrastructure. Immediate action is required to update affected systems and implement robust security measures to mitigate the risk of exploitation. Continuous monitoring and user education are essential to maintain the integrity and security of these critical devices.