Description
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability allows OS Command Injection as root This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701. Likelihood: High. However, the attacker will need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the action.exe CGI binary and upload the crafted firmware file, or convince a user with such access to upload it. Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and deletefiles and services. CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
EPSS Score:
1%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2024-40401
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability EUVD-2024-40401, also known as CVE-2024-43657, is classified as a Command Injection vulnerability affecting the Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges, leading to a critical impact on the affected systems.
Severity Evaluation:
- CVSS Base Score: 9.3 (Critical)
- CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y
The high CVSS score indicates a severe vulnerability due to the following factors:
- Attack Vector (AV:N): The vulnerability can be exploited over the network.
- Attack Complexity (AC:L): The attack requires low complexity.
- Privileges Required (PR:L): The attacker needs low-level privileges.
- User Interaction (UI:N): No user interaction is required.
- Impact Metrics: The attack results in high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H).
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Network-Based Attack: An attacker can exploit the vulnerability over the network by targeting the web UI of the charging station.
- Low-Privilege Account: The attacker needs a low-privilege account to access the
action.exeCGI binary and upload a crafted firmware file.
Exploitation Methods:
- Command Injection: The attacker can inject malicious commands into the system by exploiting the improper neutralization of special elements in the command.
- Firmware Upload: The attacker can upload a crafted firmware file to gain root access and execute arbitrary commands.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers
Affected Versions:
- All versions before 24120701
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Firmware Update: Upgrade to Iocharger firmware version 24120701 or later.
- Access Control: Restrict access to the web UI and ensure that only authorized users have low-privilege accounts.
- Network Segmentation: Implement network segmentation to isolate charging stations from other critical systems.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Regular Patching: Ensure that all firmware and software are regularly updated and patched.
- Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments.
- Intrusion Detection: Implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor for suspicious activities.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly in the context of critical infrastructure such as electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The potential for an attacker to gain full control over these stations and pivot into other networks highlights the need for robust cybersecurity measures in the EV charging ecosystem.
Potential Consequences:
- Service Disruption: Attackers could disrupt charging services, leading to economic and operational impacts.
- Safety Risks: Given the significant power handled by EV chargers, there is a potential safety impact (S:P).
- Data Breaches: Sensitive data could be compromised, leading to privacy and security concerns.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Type: Command Injection
- Affected Component:
action.exeCGI binary - Exploitation: Injection of malicious commands through crafted firmware files
Detection and Response:
- Log Analysis: Monitor logs for unusual activities related to the
action.exebinary and firmware uploads. - Incident Response: Develop an incident response plan specific to EV charging stations, including steps for containment, eradication, and recovery.
- Threat Intelligence: Leverage threat intelligence feeds to stay informed about emerging threats and vulnerabilities in the EV charging sector.
References:
Conclusion: The EUVD-2024-40401 vulnerability underscores the importance of proactive cybersecurity measures in the EV charging infrastructure. Organizations must prioritize firmware updates, access controls, and continuous monitoring to mitigate the risks associated with this critical vulnerability.