EUVD-2025-15586

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-15586

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability EUVD-2025-15586 affects RAGFlow versions up to 0.18.1, allowing account takeover through brute-force attacks on email verification codes. The severity of this vulnerability is rated with a CVSS Base Score of 9.1, indicating a critical risk. The CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N breaks down as follows:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) - The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) - The attack requires minimal skill and resources.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) - No special privileges are needed to exploit the vulnerability.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) - No user interaction is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) - The vulnerability does not change the security scope.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) - The vulnerability allows unauthorized access to sensitive information.
• Integrity (I): High (H) - The vulnerability allows unauthorized modification of data.
• Availability (A): None (N) - The vulnerability does not affect the availability of the system.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

The primary attack vector is brute-force attacks on the six-digit email verification codes. Due to the lack of rate limiting, an attacker can systematically try all possible combinations (10^6 = 1,000,000) within a reasonable timeframe. This can lead to:

• Account Registration: An attacker can register new accounts using arbitrary email addresses.
• Login: An attacker can gain unauthorized access to existing accounts.
• Password Reset: An attacker can reset passwords for existing accounts, effectively taking control of them.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The vulnerability affects RAGFlow versions up to and including 0.18.1. Any system running these versions is at risk.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate this vulnerability, the following strategies are recommended:

• Implement Rate Limiting: Introduce rate limiting on email verification code attempts to prevent brute-force attacks.
• Increase Code Complexity: Use longer and more complex verification codes (e.g., alphanumeric codes) to increase the difficulty of brute-force attacks.
• Monitor and Alert: Implement monitoring and alerting mechanisms to detect and respond to suspicious activity related to email verification codes.
• Update Software: Ensure that all instances of RAGFlow are updated to a version that addresses this vulnerability.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using RAGFlow within the European Union. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it could lead to widespread account takeovers, data breaches, and unauthorized access to sensitive information. This underscores the importance of robust cybersecurity practices and timely patch management.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

• Vulnerability Identification: The vulnerability is identified by EUVD-2025-15586, CVE-2025-48187, and GHSA-f87m-rx58-p97v.
• References:
  • NVD Entry
  • GitHub Commits
  • Technical Blog
• Assigner: Mitre
• ENISA ID:
  • Product: e9c3fe0f-cc36-31ac-afa0-f58999425499 (RAGFlow versions 0 ≤0.18.1)
  • Vendor: d82edfee-f885-37ba-bc52-a9ad868de77a (Infiniflow)

Conclusion

The vulnerability EUVD-2025-15586 in RAGFlow versions up to 0.18.1 is critical and requires immediate attention. Organizations should prioritize updating their software and implementing the recommended mitigation strategies to protect against potential account takeovers and data breaches. The European cybersecurity landscape must remain vigilant and proactive in addressing such vulnerabilities to maintain the integrity and security of digital assets.