EUVD-2025-16583

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-16583

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability EUVD-2025-16583 affects multiple WAVLINK devices, including QUANTUM D2G, QUANTUM D3G, WL-WN530G3A, WL-WN530HG3, WL-WN532A3, and WL-WN576K1 up to version V1410_240222. The issue is classified as critical with a CVSS base score of 9.3. This high score is due to the vulnerability's potential for remote exploitation, low attack complexity, and significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

The vulnerability resides in the sys_login function of the /cgi-bin/login.cgi file within the HTTP POST Request Handler component. The manipulation of the login_page argument leads to a buffer overflow, which can be exploited remotely.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Exploitation: The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, meaning an attacker does not need physical access to the device.
• HTTP POST Requests: The attacker can send specially crafted HTTP POST requests to the /cgi-bin/login.cgi endpoint, manipulating the login_page argument to trigger the buffer overflow.

Exploitation Methods:

• Buffer Overflow: By sending a maliciously crafted payload, an attacker can overwrite adjacent memory, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.
• Denial of Service (DoS): The buffer overflow can also cause the device to crash, resulting in a DoS condition.
• Privilege Escalation: If the attacker can execute arbitrary code, they may gain elevated privileges on the device, leading to further compromise.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The affected systems include:

• WAVLINK QUANTUM D2G (up to V1410_240222)
• WAVLINK QUANTUM D3G (up to V1410_240222)
• WAVLINK WL-WN530G3A (up to V1410_240222)
• WAVLINK WL-WN530HG3 (up to V1410_240222)
• WAVLINK WL-WN532A3 (up to V1410_240222)
• WAVLINK WL-WN576K1 (up to V1410_240222)

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Network Segmentation: Isolate affected devices from critical networks to limit potential damage.
• Firewall Rules: Implement strict firewall rules to block unauthorized access to the /cgi-bin/login.cgi endpoint.
• Monitoring: Increase monitoring of network traffic to detect and respond to suspicious activities.

Long-Term Solutions:

• Firmware Update: Apply any available patches or updates from WAVLINK as soon as they are released.
• Vendor Communication: Continue to engage with the vendor for updates and patches.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments on all network devices.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to European organizations and individuals using the affected WAVLINK devices. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability and its potential for remote exploitation, it could lead to widespread compromise if not addressed promptly. The public disclosure of the exploit increases the urgency for mitigation.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Component: HTTP POST Request Handler
• Function: sys_login
• File: /cgi-bin/login.cgi
• Argument: login_page
• Impact: Buffer overflow leading to potential arbitrary code execution, DoS, and privilege escalation.

Exploit Availability:

• The exploit has been publicly disclosed, and proof-of-concept (PoC) code may be available.

References:

• VulDB Entry
• CTI Entry
• Submission Details
• GitHub PoC
• NVD Entry

Aliases:

• CVE-2025-5408

Assigner:

• VulDB

ENISA IDs:

• Products:
  • WL-WN576K1 (V1410_240222)
  • QUANTUM D2G (V1410_240222)
  • WL-WN530HG3 (V1410_240222)
  • WL-WN530G3A (V1410_240222)
  • QUANTUM D3G (V1410_240222)
  • WL-WN532A3 (V1410_240222)
• Vendor: WAVLINK

This comprehensive analysis underscores the critical nature of the vulnerability and the urgent need for mitigation strategies to protect affected systems.