EUVD-2025-17466

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-17466

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

Vulnerability Description: The vulnerability identified in EUVD-2025-17466 affects multiple projects within the WilderForge organization. The issue arises from the unsafe usage of user-controlled variables, specifically ${{ github.event.review.body }}, within shell script contexts in GitHub Actions workflows. This introduces a code injection vulnerability, allowing a malicious actor to execute arbitrary shell code on the GitHub Actions runner.

Severity Evaluation: The vulnerability has a base score of 10.0 according to CVSS v3.1, indicating a critical severity level. The CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H breaks down as follows:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L)
• User Interaction (UI): None (N)
• Scope (S): Changed (C)
• Confidentiality (C): High (H)
• Integrity (I): High (H)
• Availability (A): High (H)

This high severity is due to the potential for complete compromise of the CI infrastructure, secrets, and build outputs.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Pull Request Review Injection: A malicious actor can submit a crafted pull request review containing shell metacharacters or commands.
• User-Controlled Variables: Any user-controlled input that is directly used in shell scripts within GitHub Actions workflows can be exploited.

Exploitation Methods:

• Arbitrary Command Execution: By injecting shell commands into the pull request review body, an attacker can execute arbitrary code on the GitHub Actions runner.
• Privilege Escalation: If the workflow has elevated permissions, the attacker can gain access to sensitive information or perform unauthorized actions.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• GitHub Actions runners executing workflows for the following repositories:
  • WilderForge/WilderForge
  • WilderForge/ExampleMod
  • WilderForge/WilderWorkspace
  • WilderForge/WildermythGameProvider
  • WilderForge/AutoSplitter
  • WilderForge/SpASM
  • WilderForge/thrixlvault
  • WilderForge/MassHash
  • WilderForge/DLC_Disabler

Affected Software Versions:

• WilderForge < 5.2.1.0 (com.wildermods.workspace:com.wildermods.workspace.gradle.plugin)
• WilderForge < 36a1107de6a77f8353dd0aa14690aa3c7c3550ef (com.wildermods:autosplitter)
• WilderForge < 1.9.1.0 (com.wildermods:provider)
• WilderForge < 1.0.1.0 (com.wildermods:dlc_disabler)
• WilderForge < 1.0.0.5 (com.wildermods:ExampleMod)
• WilderForge < 0.5.1.0 (com.wildermods:thrixlvault)
• WilderForge < 0.4.2.0 (com.wildermods:WilderForge)
• WilderForge < 1.3.1.0 (com.wildermods:masshash)

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Mitigation:

• Disable GitHub Actions: Temporarily disable GitHub Actions in affected repositories to prevent exploitation.
• Remove Affected Workflows: Remove or disable the affected workflows until a fix is applied.

Long-Term Mitigation:

• Input Sanitization: Ensure all user-controlled inputs are properly sanitized before being used in shell scripts.
• Least Privilege Principle: Apply the principle of least privilege to GitHub Actions workflows to minimize potential damage.
• Security Hardening: Follow GitHub's security hardening guidelines for GitHub Actions, including using secure environment variables and avoiding direct shell execution.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

Impact Assessment:

• CI/CD Pipeline Compromise: The vulnerability can lead to the compromise of CI/CD pipelines, affecting the integrity and confidentiality of software builds.
• Supply Chain Attacks: Compromised build outputs can introduce vulnerabilities or malicious code into downstream systems, leading to supply chain attacks.
• Data Breaches: Sensitive information, such as secrets and environment variables, can be exposed or stolen.

Regulatory Compliance:

• GDPR: Potential data breaches can result in non-compliance with GDPR, leading to legal and financial repercussions.
• NIS Directive: Organizations in critical sectors may face additional scrutiny and penalties under the NIS Directive.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Detection:

• Log Analysis: Monitor GitHub Actions logs for unusual or unauthorized commands.
• Anomaly Detection: Implement anomaly detection mechanisms to identify unexpected behavior in CI/CD pipelines.

Response:

• Incident Response Plan: Develop and implement an incident response plan specific to CI/CD pipeline compromises.
• Forensic Analysis: Conduct forensic analysis to determine the extent of the compromise and identify affected systems.

Prevention:

• Code Review: Conduct thorough code reviews for GitHub Actions workflows to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
• Automated Testing: Implement automated testing to detect and prevent code injection vulnerabilities.

References:

• GitHub Security Advisory
• CodeQL Query Help
• GitHub Actions Security Hardening
• GitHub Security Lab Research

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and comprehensively, organizations can mitigate the risk of significant security breaches and maintain the integrity of their CI/CD pipelines.