Description
Use of fixed learning codes, one code to lock the car and the other code to unlock it, the Key Fob Transmitter in KIA-branded Aftermarket Generic Smart Keyless Entry System, primarily distributed in Ecuador, which allows a replay attack. Manufacture is unknown at the time of release. CVE Record will be updated once this is clarified.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-18276
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-18276 pertains to the use of fixed learning codes in the Key Fob Transmitter of KIA-branded Aftermarket Generic Smart Keyless Entry Systems, primarily distributed in Ecuador. This vulnerability allows for a replay attack, where an attacker can capture and replay the fixed codes to lock or unlock the car.
Severity Evaluation:
- Base Score: 9.4 (Critical)
- Base Score Version: 4.0
- Base Score Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/AU:N
The high base score indicates a critical vulnerability due to the ease of exploitation and the significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The attack vector (AV:A) is adjacent, meaning the attacker needs to be in close proximity to the vehicle. The attack complexity (AC:L) is low, and no special privileges (PR:N) or user interaction (UI:N) are required. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (VC:H, VI:H, VA:H), and the scope change (SC:H) indicates that the vulnerability can affect components beyond the initial scope.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Replay Attack: An attacker can capture the fixed learning codes transmitted by the key fob and replay them to lock or unlock the car.
- Proximity Attack: The attacker needs to be within the range of the key fob transmitter to capture the codes.
Exploitation Methods:
- Signal Capture: Using a software-defined radio (SDR) or a similar device to capture the transmitted codes.
- Code Replay: Replaying the captured codes using a transmitter to control the car's locking mechanism.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- KIA-branded Aftermarket Generic Smart Keyless Entry Systems, primarily distributed in Ecuador.
Software Versions:
- KIA Ecuador Key Fobs version 2022/2023
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Disable Keyless Entry: Users should disable the keyless entry feature if possible and use traditional keys until a patch is available.
- Signal Blocking: Use signal-blocking pouches or Faraday bags to prevent unauthorized code capture.
Long-term Mitigation:
- Firmware Update: Manufacturers should release a firmware update that implements rolling codes or other secure authentication mechanisms.
- Recall and Replacement: Consider recalling affected key fobs and replacing them with secure versions.
User Awareness:
- Educate users about the risks and best practices for securing their vehicles.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
While the primary distribution of the affected systems is in Ecuador, the vulnerability highlights a broader issue with aftermarket keyless entry systems. Similar vulnerabilities could exist in other regions, including Europe. This underscores the need for robust security standards and regulations for aftermarket automotive components. The European cybersecurity landscape should prioritize the security of IoT devices, including automotive systems, to prevent similar vulnerabilities from being exploited.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Technical Overview:
- The vulnerability arises from the use of fixed learning codes, which are static and can be easily captured and replayed.
- The attack requires proximity to the vehicle to capture the transmitted codes.
Detection and Monitoring:
- Signal Monitoring: Implement monitoring systems to detect unusual signal activity around vehicles.
- Log Analysis: Analyze logs from the keyless entry system to identify any unauthorized access attempts.
Incident Response:
- Forensic Analysis: Conduct forensic analysis on affected vehicles to understand the attack methodology.
- Patch Management: Ensure that all affected systems are updated with the latest security patches.
References:
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and comprehensively, stakeholders can enhance the security of automotive systems and protect users from potential threats.