EUVD-2025-18774

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-18774

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-18774 is an OS command injection flaw in sar2html version 3.2.2 and prior. This vulnerability allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the underlying system by injecting them via the plot parameter in index.php. The severity of this vulnerability is rated with a Base Score of 10.0, the highest possible score under CVSS 4.0. This score reflects the critical nature of the vulnerability, which can lead to complete system compromise.

CVSS Vector Breakdown:

• AV:N (Network Vector): The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• AC:L (Low Complexity): The attack requires low skill or resources.
• AT:N (No Authentication): No authentication is required to exploit the vulnerability.
• PR:N (No Privileges Required): No special privileges are needed.
• UI:N (No User Interaction): No user interaction is required.
• VC:H (High Confidentiality Impact): Complete loss of confidentiality.
• VI:H (High Integrity Impact): Complete loss of integrity.
• VA:H (High Availability Impact): Complete loss of availability.
• SC:H (High Scope Change): The vulnerability affects components beyond the security scope.
• SI:H (High Scope Integrity): The vulnerability affects the integrity of other components.
• SA:H (High Scope Availability): The vulnerability affects the availability of other components.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Command Injection: Attackers can craft a malicious GET request to the index.php file with a specially crafted plot parameter to inject shell commands.
• Phishing and Social Engineering: Attackers could trick users into visiting a malicious URL that exploits the vulnerability.

Exploitation Methods:

• Direct Exploitation: An attacker can directly send a crafted GET request to the vulnerable endpoint, appending shell commands to the plot parameter.
• Automated Scripts: Attackers can use automated scripts to scan for vulnerable instances of sar2html and exploit them en masse.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Software:

• sar2html version 3.2.2 and prior.

Affected Systems:

• Any system running the affected versions of sar2html, including web servers and other environments where sar2html is deployed.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Mitigation:

• Patching: Upgrade to a patched version of sar2html if available.
• Input Sanitization: Implement input sanitization and validation to ensure that user-supplied data is properly sanitized before being used in system-level commands.
• Web Application Firewalls (WAF): Deploy WAFs to detect and block malicious requests targeting the plot parameter.

Long-Term Mitigation:

• Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and code reviews to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
• Security Training: Provide security training for developers to ensure they are aware of common vulnerabilities and best practices for secure coding.
• Monitoring and Logging: Implement robust monitoring and logging to detect and respond to suspicious activities.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The presence of such a critical vulnerability in widely-used software like sar2html poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape. Organizations relying on sar2html for system monitoring and reporting could be at risk of complete system compromise, leading to data breaches, loss of service, and potential financial and reputational damage. The high severity of this vulnerability underscores the need for vigilant cybersecurity practices and timely patch management.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Vulnerable Parameter: plot in index.php.
• Exploitation Method: Append shell commands to the plot parameter in a GET request.
• Example Exploit: ?plot=;id

Detection and Response:

• Detection: Monitor for unusual GET requests targeting the plot parameter. Look for patterns indicative of command injection attempts.
• Response: Immediately apply patches or mitigations. Investigate any detected exploitation attempts to identify the source and scope of the attack.

References:

• GitHub Repository
• Exploit Database
• FortiGuard Encyclopedia
• VulnCheck Advisory

Aliases:

• CVE-2025-34030

Assigner:

• VulnCheck

ENISA IDs:

• Product: 057be0f7-4abc-3610-8fd0-1862613d652f
• Vendor: 4dd47bba-83f5-3ec6-94f4-8a5a6fd7f4c5

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and comprehensively, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and protect their systems from potential attacks.