EUVD-2025-1914

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-1914

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-1914 pertains to the Orthanc server prior to version 1.5.8, which does not enable basic authentication by default when remote access is enabled. This oversight can lead to unauthorized access by an attacker, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the server and its data.

Severity Evaluation:

• Base Score: 9.2 (Critical)
• Base Score Version: 4.0
• Base Score Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The high base score of 9.2 indicates a critical vulnerability. The CVSS vector breakdown reveals that the vulnerability can be exploited over a network (AV:N) with low complexity (AC:L) and requires no privileges (PR:N) or user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (VC:H, VI:H, VA:H).

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Access Exploitation: An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by gaining unauthorized access to the Orthanc server over the network.
• Data Exfiltration: Once access is gained, the attacker can exfiltrate sensitive data stored on the server.
• Service Disruption: The attacker could also disrupt the services provided by the Orthanc server, leading to denial of service (DoS) conditions.

Exploitation Methods:

• Network Scanning: Attackers can scan for Orthanc servers with remote access enabled and no basic authentication.
• Automated Scripts: Use automated scripts to exploit the vulnerability and gain unauthorized access.
• Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Intercept and manipulate data transmitted to and from the Orthanc server.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Orthanc server versions prior to 1.5.8.

Software Versions:

• All versions of the Orthanc server from 0 to 1.5.7 are vulnerable.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Upgrade: Upgrade to Orthanc server version 1.5.8 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
• Enable Authentication: Manually enable basic authentication on all Orthanc servers with remote access enabled.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Patching: Implement a regular patching and update schedule for all software, including the Orthanc server.
• Network Segmentation: Segment the network to limit the exposure of critical servers.
• Monitoring and Logging: Enhance monitoring and logging to detect and respond to unauthorized access attempts.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability in the Orthanc server poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly in sectors that rely on medical imaging and data management. Unauthorized access to medical data can lead to severe privacy breaches and potential misuse of sensitive information. The critical nature of this vulnerability underscores the need for robust cybersecurity measures in healthcare and related industries.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• CVE ID: CVE-2025-0896
• Assigner: icscert
• References:
  • CISA ICS Medical Advisory
  • NVD Detail

Technical Recommendations:

• Configuration Review: Conduct a thorough review of Orthanc server configurations to ensure basic authentication is enabled.
• Access Controls: Implement strict access controls and limit remote access to trusted networks and users.
• Intrusion Detection: Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor for suspicious activities related to Orthanc servers.
• Incident Response: Develop and test incident response plans specific to unauthorized access scenarios.

Conclusion: The vulnerability in Orthanc server versions prior to 1.5.8 is critical and requires immediate attention. Organizations using Orthanc servers should prioritize upgrading to the latest version and implementing robust security measures to mitigate the risk of unauthorized access. The European cybersecurity community should collaborate to ensure widespread awareness and adoption of best practices to protect against such vulnerabilities.