Description
An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in stamparm/maltrail (Maltrail) versions <=0.54. A remote attacker can execute arbitrary operating system commands via the username parameter in a POST request to the /login endpoint. This occurs due to unsafe handling of user-supplied input passed to subprocess.check_output() in core/http.py, allowing injection of shell metacharacters. Exploitation does not require authentication and commands are executed with the privileges of the Maltrail process.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-19716
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-19716 is a critical unauthenticated command injection flaw in the stamparm/maltrail (Maltrail) software. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands via the username parameter in a POST request to the /login endpoint. The severity of this vulnerability is rated with a CVSS Base Score of 10.0, indicating a critical risk. The Base Score Vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H) highlights the following characteristics:
- Attack Vector (AV:N): Network, meaning the vulnerability is exploitable remotely.
- Attack Complexity (AC:L): Low, indicating that the attack is straightforward to execute.
- Privileges Required (PR:N): None, meaning no authentication is required.
- User Interaction (UI:N): None, indicating that no user interaction is needed for exploitation.
- Confidentiality (VC:H): High impact on confidentiality.
- Integrity (VI:H): High impact on integrity.
- Availability (VA:H): High impact on availability.
- Scope (SC:H): High, indicating a change in security scope.
- Scope Integrity (SI:H): High impact on scope integrity.
- Scope Availability (SA:H): High impact on scope availability.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
The primary attack vector is through a POST request to the /login endpoint with a specially crafted username parameter. The vulnerability arises from unsafe handling of user-supplied input passed to subprocess.check_output() in core/http.py, allowing injection of shell metacharacters.
Exploitation Methods:
- Command Injection: An attacker can inject shell commands into the username parameter, which are then executed by the Maltrail process.
- Remote Code Execution (RCE): The attacker can execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the Maltrail process, potentially leading to full system compromise.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
The vulnerability affects all versions of stamparm/maltrail (Maltrail) up to and including version 0.54. Systems running these versions are at risk.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Patching: Upgrade to a patched version of Maltrail that addresses this vulnerability.
- Input Validation: Implement strict input validation and sanitization for the username parameter to prevent command injection.
- Access Controls: Restrict access to the /login endpoint to trusted IP addresses or networks.
- Monitoring: Implement monitoring and alerting for suspicious activity related to the /login endpoint.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Code Review: Conduct a thorough code review to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
- Security Training: Provide security training for developers to prevent future occurrences of such vulnerabilities.
- Regular Updates: Ensure that all software components are regularly updated and patched.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using Maltrail within the European Union. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it could lead to widespread compromise of systems, data breaches, and potential disruption of services. The high CVSS score underscores the urgency for immediate remediation to prevent potential large-scale cyber incidents.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Affected Component:
core/http.py - Vulnerable Function:
subprocess.check_output() - Exploitation: Injection of shell metacharacters via the username parameter in a POST request to the /login endpoint.
Detection and Response:
- Log Analysis: Review logs for unusual POST requests to the /login endpoint.
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Implement IDS rules to detect and alert on suspicious activity related to the /login endpoint.
- Incident Response: Prepare an incident response plan to handle potential exploitation, including containment, eradication, and recovery steps.
References:
Aliases:
- CVE-2025-34073
Assigner:
- VulnCheck
ENISA IDs:
- Product:
ed67ff3e-be41-342a-a8fd-43a9982c781e(Maltrail versions 0 ≤0.54) - Vendor:
7b7dd6c9-6844-36a2-9ea3-ac8b4c4dfe61(Stamparm)
This comprehensive analysis provides a clear understanding of the vulnerability, its impact, and the necessary steps to mitigate the risk effectively.