EUVD-2025-204954

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-204954

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-204954 pertains to Coolify, an open-source tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. The issue is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the File Storage Directory Mount Path functionality. This vulnerability allows users with application/service management permissions to execute arbitrary commands as root on managed servers. The severity of this vulnerability is rated with a CVSS Base Score of 9.4, indicating a critical risk.

CVSS Vector Breakdown:

• AV:N (Network Vector): The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network.
• AC:L (Low Complexity): The attack requires low skill or resources to exploit.
• AT:N (No Authentication): No additional authentication is required beyond the initial access.
• PR:L (Low Privileges): The attacker needs low-level privileges to exploit the vulnerability.
• UI:N (No User Interaction): No user interaction is required for the attack to succeed.
• VC:H (High Confidentiality Impact): The vulnerability can lead to a high level of confidentiality breach.
• VI:H (High Integrity Impact): The vulnerability can lead to a high level of integrity breach.
• VA:H (High Availability Impact): The vulnerability can lead to a high level of availability breach.
• SC:H (High Scope Change): The vulnerability can affect other components beyond the initial scope.
• SI:H (High Scope Integrity): The vulnerability can affect the integrity of other components.
• SA:H (High Scope Availability): The vulnerability can affect the availability of other components.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

The primary attack vector involves an authenticated user with application/service management permissions exploiting the File Storage Directory Mount Path functionality. The file_storage_directory_source parameter is passed directly to shell commands without proper sanitization, allowing for command injection.

Exploitation Methods:

• Command Injection: An attacker can inject malicious commands into the file_storage_directory_source parameter, which are then executed with root privileges.
• Remote Code Execution (RCE): The attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the host system, leading to full control over the managed servers.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The vulnerability affects Coolify versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.451. Specifically, any deployment of Coolify where users have application/service management permissions and the File Storage Directory Mount Path functionality is used is at risk.

Affected Versions:

• Coolify versions 0 < 4.0.0-beta.451

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Mitigation:

• Upgrade to the Latest Version: Upgrade Coolify to version 4.0.0-beta.451 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
• Restrict Permissions: Limit the number of users with application/service management permissions to minimize the attack surface.
• Monitor Logs: Implement robust logging and monitoring to detect any suspicious activities related to the File Storage Directory Mount Path functionality.

Long-Term Mitigation:

• Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and code reviews to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
• Input Validation: Ensure that all user inputs are properly sanitized and validated before being used in shell commands.
• Least Privilege Principle: Apply the principle of least privilege to all user roles and permissions.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using Coolify within the European Union. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it could lead to severe data breaches, unauthorized access, and potential disruption of services. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of managed servers is high, making it a priority for organizations to address this issue promptly.

Regulatory Compliance:

• GDPR: Organizations must ensure that they comply with GDPR regulations by protecting personal data from unauthorized access and breaches.
• NIS Directive: Critical infrastructure providers must adhere to the Network and Information Systems (NIS) Directive, ensuring robust cybersecurity measures are in place.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Vulnerable Parameter: file_storage_directory_source
• Exploitation Point: The parameter is passed directly to shell commands without proper sanitization.
• Impact: Arbitrary command execution as root on managed servers.

Detection and Response:

• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Implement IDS to detect unusual command execution patterns.
• Incident Response Plan: Develop and maintain an incident response plan to quickly address any detected exploitation attempts.
• Patch Management: Ensure a robust patch management process to apply security updates promptly.

References:

• Coolify CVE-2025-66209-66213
• Coolify Pull Request #7375
• Coolify Release v4.0.0-beta.451

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can mitigate the risk and ensure the integrity and security of their managed servers.