EUVD-2025-204955

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-204955

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-204955 pertains to Coolify, an open-source tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. The issue is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Dynamic Proxy Configuration Filename handling. This flaw allows users with application/service management permissions to execute arbitrary commands as root on managed servers. The severity of this vulnerability is rated with a CVSS Base Score of 9.4, indicating a critical risk.

CVSS Vector Breakdown:

• AV:N (Network Vector): The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• AC:L (Low Complexity): The attack requires low skill or resources.
• AT:N (No Authentication): No additional authentication is required beyond the initial access.
• PR:L (Low Privileges): The attacker needs low-level privileges to exploit the vulnerability.
• UI:N (No User Interaction): No user interaction is required for the attack to succeed.
• VC:H (High Confidentiality Impact): Complete loss of confidentiality.
• VI:H (High Integrity Impact): Complete loss of integrity.
• VA:H (High Availability Impact): Complete loss of availability.
• SC:H (High Scope Change): The vulnerability affects components beyond the security scope.
• SI:H (High Integrity Scope): The vulnerability affects the integrity of other components.
• SA:H (High Availability Scope): The vulnerability affects the availability of other components.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Authenticated Users: Users with application/service management permissions can exploit this vulnerability.
• Network Access: The attack can be conducted over the network, making it accessible to remote attackers with the necessary permissions.

Exploitation Methods:

• Command Injection: By manipulating the Dynamic Proxy Configuration Filename, an attacker can inject malicious commands.
• Arbitrary Command Execution: The injected commands are executed with root privileges, allowing full control over the managed servers.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Software:

• Coolify versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.451.

Affected Systems:

• Any system running Coolify for server, application, and database management.
• Systems where users have application/service management permissions.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Upgrade: Upgrade Coolify to version 4.0.0-beta.451 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
• Access Control: Review and restrict application/service management permissions to trusted users only.
• Monitoring: Implement monitoring for unusual command executions and suspicious activities on managed servers.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Updates: Ensure that all software, including Coolify, is regularly updated to the latest versions.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments.
• User Training: Educate users on the risks of command injection and the importance of secure practices.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using Coolify within the European Union. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it could lead to:

• Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to sensitive data.
• Service Disruptions: Potential downtime and loss of service availability.
• Compliance Issues: Violations of GDPR and other regulatory requirements due to data breaches.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Root Cause: Improper escaping of proxy configuration filenames passed to shell commands.
• Exploit Mechanism: An attacker can inject malicious commands into the filename, which are then executed with root privileges.

Detection and Response:

• Log Analysis: Review logs for unusual command executions and suspicious activities.
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Implement IDS to detect and alert on potential command injection attempts.
• Incident Response: Have an incident response plan in place to quickly address any detected exploitation attempts.

References:

• Coolify CVE-2025-66209-66213
• Coolify Pull Request #7375
• Coolify Release v4.0.0-beta.451

Aliases:

• CVE-2025-66212

Assigner:

• GitHub_M

ENISA IDs:

• Product: [{"id":"018013f9-535f-3e72-bc91-43f9e67c1a5a","product":{"name":"coolify"},"product_version":"0 <4.0.0-beta.451"}]
• Vendor: [{"id":"d346d361-653c-3fcc-9188-f90779b757de","vendor":{"name":"coollabsio"}}]

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can mitigate the risks associated with EUVD-2025-204955 and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture.