EUVD-2025-204957

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-204957

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-204957 pertains to Coolify, an open-source tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. The issue is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the handling of PostgreSQL Init Script Filenames. This vulnerability allows users with application/service management permissions to execute arbitrary commands as root on managed servers.

Severity Evaluation:

• Base Score: 9.4 (Critical)
• Base Score Version: 4.0
• Base Score Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

The high base score indicates a critical vulnerability due to the potential for full remote code execution with root privileges. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requires low complexity (AC:L), and does not require user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (VC:H, VI:H, VA:H), and the scope change is also high (SC:H).

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Authenticated Users: Users with application/service management permissions can exploit this vulnerability.
• Network Access: The attack can be executed over the network, making it accessible to remote attackers with the necessary permissions.

Exploitation Methods:

• Command Injection: By manipulating the PostgreSQL Init Script Filename, an attacker can inject arbitrary commands.
• Privilege Escalation: The injected commands are executed with root privileges, allowing the attacker to gain full control over the managed servers.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Coolify versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.451.

Software Versions:

• All versions of Coolify from 0 to 4.0.0-beta.450 are vulnerable.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Upgrade: Upgrade Coolify to version 4.0.0-beta.451 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
• Access Control: Restrict application/service management permissions to trusted users only.
• Monitoring: Implement monitoring and logging to detect any unusual command execution on managed servers.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Code Review: Conduct thorough code reviews to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
• Security Training: Provide security training for developers and administrators to understand the risks associated with command injection vulnerabilities.
• Regular Updates: Ensure that all software components are regularly updated to the latest versions.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability in Coolify poses a significant risk to organizations using this tool for server, application, and database management. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it could lead to widespread compromise of managed servers, resulting in data breaches, service disruptions, and potential financial losses. The European cybersecurity landscape must prioritize the identification and mitigation of such vulnerabilities to protect critical infrastructure and sensitive data.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• CVE ID: CVE-2025-66211
• Vulnerability Type: Authenticated Command Injection
• Affected Component: PostgreSQL Init Script Filename handling
• Exploitability: The vulnerability can be exploited by injecting malicious commands into the PostgreSQL Init Script Filename, which are then executed with root privileges.

References:

• GitHub Repository: Coolify CVE-2025-66209-66213
• Pull Request: Coolify Pull Request #7375
• Release Notes: Coolify v4.0.0-beta.451

Mitigation Steps:

1. Update Coolify: Ensure all instances of Coolify are updated to version 4.0.0-beta.451 or later.
2. Review Permissions: Conduct a review of user permissions to ensure that only trusted users have application/service management permissions.
3. Implement Security Measures: Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to monitor for suspicious activities.
4. Regular Audits: Perform regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate potential risks.

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and protect their critical assets.