EUVD-2025-204958

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-204958

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-204958 pertains to Coolify, an open-source tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. The issue is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Database Import functionality, which allows users with application/service management permissions to execute arbitrary commands as root on managed servers. This vulnerability is critical due to the potential for full remote code execution, which can lead to complete system compromise.

Severity Evaluation:

• Base Score: 9.4 (CVSS 4.0)
• Base Score Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

The high base score indicates a severe vulnerability due to the following factors:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L)
• User Interaction (UI): None (N)
• Confidentiality (VC), Integrity (VI), and Availability (VA) Impact: High (H)
• Scope Change (SC), Scope Integrity (SI), and Scope Availability (SA): High (H)

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Authenticated Users: Attackers with valid credentials and application/service management permissions can exploit this vulnerability.
• Database Import Functionality: The vulnerability is triggered during the database import process, where unsanitized database names are passed to shell commands.

Exploitation Methods:

• Command Injection: An attacker can craft a malicious database name that includes shell commands. When the import operation is executed, these commands are run with root privileges.
• Remote Code Execution: By injecting commands, attackers can execute arbitrary code, leading to full system control.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Software:

• Coolify versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.451

Affected Systems:

• Any system running Coolify for managing servers, applications, and databases.
• Systems where users have application/service management permissions.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Upgrade: Upgrade Coolify to version 4.0.0-beta.451 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
• Access Control: Limit the number of users with application/service management permissions.
• Monitoring: Implement monitoring and logging for database import operations to detect suspicious activities.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Code Review: Conduct thorough code reviews to identify and sanitize all user inputs.
• Security Training: Educate developers and administrators on secure coding practices and the risks of command injection.
• Regular Updates: Ensure that all software dependencies and tools are regularly updated to the latest versions.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability in Coolify poses a significant risk to organizations using this tool within the European Union. Given the widespread use of open-source tools in various sectors, including government, healthcare, and finance, the potential for exploitation is high. The impact could include data breaches, service disruptions, and financial losses.

Regulatory Compliance:

• Organizations must comply with GDPR and other relevant regulations, which mandate the protection of personal data and the implementation of robust security measures.
• Failure to address this vulnerability could result in regulatory penalties and reputational damage.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• CVE ID: CVE-2025-66210
• Vulnerable Component: Database Import functionality in Coolify
• Root Cause: Lack of input sanitization for database names passed to shell commands
• Exploitation: Arbitrary command execution as root

References:

• GitHub Issue
• Coolify Pull Request
• Coolify Release

Mitigation Steps:

1. Identify Affected Systems: Conduct an inventory to identify all instances of Coolify running versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.451.
2. Update Software: Apply the latest patch (version 4.0.0-beta.451 or later) to all affected systems.
3. Review Permissions: Ensure that only trusted users have application/service management permissions.
4. Implement Monitoring: Deploy monitoring tools to detect and alert on suspicious activities related to database import operations.
5. Conduct Security Audits: Perform regular security audits to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities in other tools and systems.

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and protect their critical infrastructure.