Description
An unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in VIGI NVR1104H-4P V1 and VIGI NVR2016H-16MP V2.This issue affects VIGI NVR1104H-4P V1: before 1.1.5 Build 250518; VIGI NVR2016H-16MP V2: before 1.3.1 Build 250407.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-22373
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability EUVD-2025-22373, also known as CVE-2025-7724, is an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability affecting specific versions of VIGI NVR1104H-4P V1 and VIGI NVR2016H-16MP V2 devices. The CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) base score of 9.3 indicates a critical severity level. The CVSS vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N breaks down as follows:
- AV:N (Network): The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
- AC:L (Low): The attack complexity is low.
- AT:N (None): No special conditions are required for the attack.
- PR:N (None): No privileges are required.
- UI:N (None): No user interaction is required.
- VC:H (High): Confidentiality impact is high.
- VI:H (High): Integrity impact is high.
- VA:H (High): Availability impact is high.
- SC:N (Not Defined): Scope change is not defined.
- SI:N (Not Defined): Scope integrity is not defined.
- SA:N (Not Defined): Scope availability is not defined.
This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands on the affected devices without authentication, leading to potential full system compromise.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Given the nature of the vulnerability, potential attack vectors include:
- Remote Exploitation: An attacker can remotely exploit the vulnerability over the network without needing physical access to the device.
- Command Injection: The attacker can inject malicious commands into the system, leading to unauthorized actions such as data exfiltration, system modification, or denial of service.
- Lateral Movement: Once compromised, the device can be used as a pivot point to attack other devices within the same network.
Exploitation methods may involve:
- Crafting Malicious Requests: Sending specially crafted network requests to the vulnerable device to inject and execute OS commands.
- Automated Scripts: Using automated scripts or tools to scan for vulnerable devices and exploit them en masse.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
The affected systems and software versions are:
- VIGI NVR1104H-4P V1: Versions before 1.1.5 Build 250518.
- VIGI NVR2016H-16MP V2: Versions before 1.3.1 Build 250407.
These devices are network video recorders (NVRs) used for surveillance and security purposes.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
To mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, the following strategies are recommended:
- Patch Management: Immediately update the firmware of the affected devices to the latest versions provided by TP-Link.
- VIGI NVR1104H-4P V1: Update to version 1.1.5 Build 250518 or later.
- VIGI NVR2016H-16MP V2: Update to version 1.3.1 Build 250407 or later.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the NVR devices on a separate network segment to limit the attack surface.
- Access Control: Implement strict access controls and firewall rules to restrict unauthorized access to the devices.
- Monitoring and Logging: Enable comprehensive logging and monitoring to detect any suspicious activities or unauthorized access attempts.
- Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and address potential security gaps.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The impact of this vulnerability on the European cybersecurity landscape is significant due to the widespread use of NVR devices in various sectors, including government, healthcare, and private enterprises. The potential for unauthorized access and command execution can lead to:
- Data Breaches: Compromise of sensitive surveillance data.
- Operational Disruptions: Interruption of critical surveillance operations.
- Reputation Damage: Loss of trust in the security measures of organizations using the affected devices.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
For security professionals, the following technical details are pertinent:
- Detection: Implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to detect and block suspicious network traffic targeting the vulnerable devices.
- Incident Response: Develop and maintain an incident response plan specific to OS command injection vulnerabilities, including steps for containment, eradication, and recovery.
- Threat Intelligence: Leverage threat intelligence feeds to stay informed about emerging threats and exploitation attempts related to this vulnerability.
- Penetration Testing: Conduct regular penetration testing to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities in other systems and devices.
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and ensure the integrity and security of their surveillance systems.