EUVD-2025-25403

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-25403

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability EUVD-2025-25403 pertains to an "Improper Input Validation" issue in the sha.js library, which allows for Input Data Manipulation. This vulnerability affects versions of sha.js up to and including 2.4.11. The Base Score of 9.1, as per CVSS 4.0, indicates a high severity level. The vector string CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N provides the following insights:

• Attack Vector (AV:N): Network, meaning the vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC:H): High, indicating that the attack requires specialized conditions or knowledge.
• Attack Technique (AT:P): Physical, suggesting that the attack might require physical access or manipulation.
• Privileges Required (PR:N): None, meaning no special privileges are needed to exploit the vulnerability.
• User Interaction (UI:N): None, indicating that no user interaction is required.
• Vulnerability Characteristics (VC:N, VI:H, VA:H): No confidentiality impact, high integrity impact, and high availability impact.
• Scope (SC:H): High, indicating that the vulnerability affects components beyond the security scope.
• Scope Impact (SI:H): High, suggesting significant impact within the changed scope.
• Scope Availability (SA:N): None, indicating no impact on availability within the changed scope.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Given the nature of the vulnerability, potential attack vectors include:

• Network-Based Attacks: An attacker could exploit this vulnerability over the network by sending maliciously crafted input data to systems using sha.js.
• Physical Access: The attack might require physical access to manipulate input data directly.
• Supply Chain Attacks: If sha.js is used in a supply chain, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to compromise downstream systems.

Exploitation methods might involve:

• Input Data Manipulation: Crafting specific input data that bypasses validation checks, leading to unintended behavior or data corruption.
• Code Injection: Injecting malicious code through improperly validated input data.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The vulnerability affects all systems and applications that use sha.js versions up to and including 2.4.11. This includes:

• Web applications that rely on sha.js for hashing operations.
• Node.js applications that use sha.js as a dependency.
• Any software that includes sha.js as part of its build process or runtime environment.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate this vulnerability, the following strategies are recommended:

• Update to a Patched Version: Upgrade to a version of sha.js that includes a fix for this vulnerability.
• Input Validation: Implement robust input validation mechanisms to ensure that all input data is properly sanitized and validated.
• Code Review: Conduct a thorough code review to identify and address any instances of improper input validation.
• Network Security: Implement network security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems to monitor and block malicious network traffic.
• Regular Audits: Perform regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and address potential security issues.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The high severity of this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape. Organizations and individuals relying on sha.js for secure hashing operations are at risk of data manipulation and potential breaches. The widespread use of sha.js in various applications and supply chains amplifies the potential impact, making it crucial for stakeholders to address this vulnerability promptly.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

For security professionals, the following technical details are pertinent:

• Vulnerability Identification: The vulnerability is identified by EUVD-2025-25403 and CVE-2025-9288.
• References:
  • GitHub Security Advisory
  • GitHub Pull Request
  • CVE Record
• Assigner: The vulnerability was assigned by "harborist."
• EPSS: Not available, indicating that the exploit prediction scoring system has not yet assessed this vulnerability.
• ENISA ID: No specific product or vendor IDs are listed, suggesting a broad impact across various systems and applications.

Security professionals should prioritize updating affected systems and implementing robust input validation mechanisms to mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability. Regular monitoring and auditing are essential to ensure ongoing security and compliance with best practices.