Description
Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the application deployment workflow. The platform allows authenticated users, with low-level member privileges, to inject arbitrary Docker Compose directives during project creation. By crafting a malicious service definition that mounts the host root filesystem, an attacker can gain full root access to the underlying server.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-25911
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-25911 affects Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6, allowing authenticated users with low-level member privileges to inject arbitrary Docker Compose directives during project creation. This can lead to remote code execution (RCE) and full root access to the underlying server.
Severity Evaluation:
- Base Score: 9.4 (Critical)
- Base Score Version: 4.0
- Base Score Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
The high base score indicates a critical vulnerability due to the potential for complete system compromise, high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and the ease of exploitation.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Authenticated Users: The vulnerability requires authenticated access, but only low-level member privileges are needed.
- Project Creation Workflow: The attacker can exploit the vulnerability during the project creation process by injecting malicious Docker Compose directives.
Exploitation Methods:
- Docker Compose Injection: An attacker can craft a malicious service definition that mounts the host root filesystem, allowing them to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
- Remote Code Execution: Once the host root filesystem is mounted, the attacker can execute commands with full root access, leading to complete control over the server.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Software:
- Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6
Affected Systems:
- Any server or environment running the vulnerable versions of Coolify, particularly those with Docker Compose integration.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Upgrade to the Latest Version: Upgrade Coolify to version v4.0.0-beta.420.7 or later, which includes the patch for this vulnerability.
- Restrict User Privileges: Limit the privileges of low-level members to prevent unauthorized access to critical workflows.
- Monitor and Audit: Implement continuous monitoring and auditing of project creation activities to detect and respond to suspicious behavior.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate potential risks.
- User Education: Educate users on the importance of secure practices and the risks associated with injecting untrusted code.
- Network Segmentation: Implement network segmentation to limit the impact of a potential compromise.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using Coolify, particularly those in the European Union. The potential for full root access to underlying servers can lead to data breaches, service disruptions, and unauthorized access to sensitive information. This underscores the importance of timely patching and robust security practices to protect against such critical vulnerabilities.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Injection Point: The vulnerability exists in the application deployment workflow, specifically during project creation.
- Exploitation Steps:
- Authenticate as a low-level member.
- Inject malicious Docker Compose directives during project creation.
- Mount the host root filesystem using the injected directives.
- Execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
Detection and Response:
- Log Analysis: Analyze logs for unusual Docker Compose directives and unauthorized access attempts.
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to detect and alert on suspicious activities related to Docker Compose and project creation.
- Incident Response Plan: Develop and implement an incident response plan to quickly address and mitigate any detected exploitation attempts.
References:
By following these recommendations and staying vigilant, organizations can significantly reduce the risk associated with this vulnerability and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture.