EUVD-2025-26414

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-26414

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The EUVD entry EUVD-2025-26414 describes a critical deserialization vulnerability in the H2O-3 REST API, specifically affecting the POST /99/ImportSQLTable endpoint. This vulnerability allows for remote code execution (RCE) due to improper validation of JDBC connection parameters when using a Key-Value format. The vulnerability is present in all versions of H2O-3 up to 3.46.0.7 and is resolved in version 3.46.0.8.

Severity Evaluation:

• CVSS Base Score: 9.8
• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The high base score of 9.8 indicates a critical vulnerability. The CVSS vector breakdown shows that the vulnerability can be exploited over the network (AV:N), requires low complexity (AC:L), does not need any privileges (PR:N) or user interaction (UI:N), and has a high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H).

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Remote Code Execution (RCE): An attacker can send a specially crafted request to the POST /99/ImportSQLTable endpoint, exploiting the deserialization vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the server.
• Data Exfiltration: By exploiting the RCE, an attacker could exfiltrate sensitive data from the database or the server.
• Lateral Movement: Once the attacker gains control over the server, they could move laterally within the network, compromising other systems.

Exploitation Methods:

• Crafted JDBC Parameters: The attacker can manipulate the JDBC connection parameters in a Key-Value format to inject malicious code.
• Deserialization Attack: The attacker exploits the deserialization process to execute arbitrary commands on the server.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• H2O-3 REST API: All versions up to 3.46.0.7.
• MySQL JDBC Driver: Version 8.0.19.
• JDK: Version 8u112.

Software Versions:

• H2O-3: Versions < 3.46.0.8.
• MySQL JDBC Driver: Version 8.0.19.
• JDK: Version 8u112.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Mitigation:

• Upgrade H2O-3: Upgrade to version 3.46.0.8 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
• Patch Management: Ensure that all systems are regularly updated and patched to mitigate known vulnerabilities.

Long-term Mitigation:

• Input Validation: Implement robust input validation and sanitization for all user inputs, especially for JDBC connection parameters.
• Deserialization Security: Use secure deserialization libraries and practices to prevent deserialization attacks.
• Network Segmentation: Implement network segmentation to limit the spread of potential attacks.
• Monitoring and Logging: Enhance monitoring and logging to detect and respond to suspicious activities promptly.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using H2O-3, particularly those in the European Union. The potential for RCE and data exfiltration could lead to severe breaches, financial losses, and reputational damage. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it is essential for organizations to prioritize patching and implementing robust security measures to protect against such threats.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Endpoint: POST /99/ImportSQLTable
• Vulnerable Component: JDBC connection parameters in Key-Value format.
• Exploitation: Improper validation allows for the injection of malicious code during the deserialization process.

Detection and Response:

• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Configure IDS to detect unusual traffic patterns and anomalies related to the POST /99/ImportSQLTable endpoint.
• Incident Response: Develop and implement an incident response plan to quickly address any detected exploitation attempts.
• Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.

References:

• Huntr Bounty: Huntr Bounty
• GitHub Commit: GitHub Commit

By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing the recommended mitigation strategies, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture.