EUVD-2025-27177

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-27177

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-27177 pertains to SQL injection in pREST (PostgreSQL REST), an API that provides a RESTful interface for PostgreSQL databases. The vulnerability affects versions prior to 2.0.0-rc3, where inadequate input validation allows for SQL injection attacks. The CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) base score of 9.3 indicates a critical severity level. The CVSS vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N breaks down as follows:

• AV:N (Attack Vector: Network): The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• AC:L (Attack Complexity: Low): The attack requires low complexity to exploit.
• AT:N (Attack Technique: Network): The attack technique involves network-based methods.
• PR:N (Privileges Required: None): No privileges are required to exploit the vulnerability.
• UI:N (User Interaction: None): No user interaction is required.
• VC:H (Vulnerability Consequence: High): The impact on confidentiality is high.
• VI:H (Vulnerability Impact: High): The impact on integrity is high.
• VA:H (Vulnerability Availability: High): The impact on availability is high.
• SC:N (Scope Change: None): The scope of the vulnerability does not change.
• SI:N (Secondary Impact: None): There is no secondary impact.
• SA:N (Secondary Availability: None): There is no secondary availability impact.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

The primary attack vector for this vulnerability is SQL injection, which can be executed by crafting malicious SQL queries through the API endpoints. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by:

• Injecting Malicious SQL Queries: By sending specially crafted input to the API, attackers can manipulate SQL queries to extract, modify, or delete data.
• Exfiltrating Sensitive Data: Attackers can use SQL injection to exfiltrate sensitive information from the database, including user credentials, personal data, and other confidential information.
• Gaining Unauthorized Access: By exploiting the vulnerability, attackers can gain unauthorized access to the database, potentially leading to further compromise of the system.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The vulnerability affects all versions of pREST prior to 2.0.0-rc3. Organizations using pREST to provide RESTful interfaces for their PostgreSQL databases are at risk if they have not updated to version 2.0.0-rc3 or later.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, the following steps are recommended:

• Update to the Latest Version: Immediately update pREST to version 2.0.0-rc3 or later, which includes a patch to mitigate SQL injection attempts.
• Implement Input Validation: Ensure that all inputs are properly validated and sanitized to prevent SQL injection attacks.
• Use Prepared Statements: Utilize prepared statements and parameterized queries to minimize the risk of SQL injection.
• Monitor and Audit: Regularly monitor and audit database access logs for any suspicious activity that may indicate an attempted or successful SQL injection attack.
• Apply Least Privilege Principle: Ensure that database users and applications have the minimum necessary privileges to perform their functions.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations within the European Union that rely on pREST for their database operations. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it could lead to data breaches, unauthorized access, and potential violations of data protection regulations such as GDPR. Organizations must prioritize patching and implementing robust security measures to protect sensitive data and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

• Vulnerability Identification: The vulnerability is identified as CVE-2025-58450 and is documented in the EUVD as EUVD-2025-27177.
• Patch Information: The patch for this vulnerability is included in pREST version 2.0.0-rc3. The relevant commit can be found at GitHub Commit.
• References: Additional information and advisories can be found at GitHub Security Advisory.
• ENISA IDs: The ENISA IDs for the product and vendor are as follows:
  • Product ID: a6863792-4261-37fd-9f11-4ed792ee0d5b
  • Vendor ID: 61257d3a-0e83-3358-81af-42f8d5db26d4

In conclusion, the SQL injection vulnerability in pREST versions prior to 2.0.0-rc3 is critical and requires immediate attention. Organizations should prioritize updating to the patched version and implementing additional security measures to protect against potential exploitation.