EUVD-2025-2885

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-2885

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

Vulnerability Description: The vulnerability in Coolify, an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases, allows any authenticated user to escalate privileges to any role, including the owner role. This escalation can result in the attacker kicking out other team members, including admins and owners, and accessing the Terminal feature to execute remote commands.

Severity Evaluation: The vulnerability has a CVSS Base Score of 10.0, which is the highest possible score, indicating a critical severity. The CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H breaks down as follows:

• AV:N (Network): The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• AC:L (Low): The attack complexity is low.
• PR:L (Low): The attacker requires low privileges to exploit the vulnerability.
• UI:N (None): No user interaction is required.
• S:C (Changed): The vulnerability affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.
• C:H (High): The confidentiality impact is high.
• I:H (High): The integrity impact is high.
• A:H (High): The availability impact is high.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Attack Vectors:

• Authenticated User Privilege Escalation: An attacker with any level of authenticated access can escalate their privileges to the owner role.
• Remote Command Execution: Once privileges are escalated, the attacker can use the Terminal feature to execute arbitrary commands remotely.
• Team Member Removal: The attacker can remove other team members, including admins and owners, effectively taking control of the system.

Exploitation Methods:

• Credential Stuffing: Attackers may use stolen or weak credentials to gain initial authenticated access.
• Phishing: Social engineering techniques to obtain valid user credentials.
• Exploit Kits: Automated tools that can exploit the vulnerability once authenticated access is obtained.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Affected Systems:

• Coolify versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.361.

Software Versions:

• All versions of Coolify before 4.0.0-beta.361 are vulnerable.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Upgrade to the Latest Version: Upgrade Coolify to version 4.0.0-beta.361 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
• Access Controls: Implement strict access controls and monitor for unusual privilege escalations.
• Credential Management: Enforce strong password policies and use multi-factor authentication (MFA).

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments.
• User Training: Educate users on phishing and credential management best practices.
• Intrusion Detection: Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor for suspicious activities.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

Regional Impact:

• Critical Infrastructure: Organizations using Coolify for managing critical infrastructure could face severe disruptions.
• Data Breaches: Sensitive data could be compromised, leading to potential data breaches and compliance issues.
• Operational Disruptions: Unauthorized access and command execution could lead to operational disruptions and financial losses.

Compliance and Regulations:

• GDPR Compliance: Organizations must ensure compliance with GDPR by protecting personal data and reporting breaches promptly.
• NIS Directive: Critical infrastructure providers must adhere to the Network and Information Systems (NIS) Directive to ensure resilience against cyber threats.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• CVE ID: CVE-2025-22611
• GitHub Advisory: GHSA-9w72-9qww-qj6g
• ENISA ID Product: 331ca694-8e41-31d9-8d6a-8ec808471715
• ENISA ID Vendor: e2039c3c-f112-3544-9c5a-3715da6a8055

Mitigation Steps:

1. Patch Management: Ensure all instances of Coolify are updated to version 4.0.0-beta.361 or later.
2. Access Controls: Review and enforce strict access controls and role-based access management.
3. Monitoring: Implement continuous monitoring for unusual activities and privilege escalations.
4. Incident Response: Prepare an incident response plan to quickly address any potential breaches.

Conclusion: The vulnerability in Coolify is critical and requires immediate attention. Organizations should prioritize updating to the patched version and implement robust security measures to mitigate the risk of exploitation. The impact on the European cybersecurity landscape underscores the importance of vigilant cybersecurity practices and compliance with relevant regulations.