Description
Nagios XI versions prior to 2024R1.4.2 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the Business Process Intelligence (BPI) component. Insufficient validation and sanitization of administrator-controlled BPI configuration parameters (notably bpi_logfile and bpi_configfile) allow an authenticated administrative user to cause the product to create or overwrite files within the webroot and subsequently edit them via the BPI configuration editor. When such files carry executable extensions and are served by the web application, arbitrary code may be executed in the context of the web application user. Successful exploitation results in arbitrary command execution with the privileges of the Nagios XI web application user and can be leveraged to gain further control of the underlying host operating system.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-37210
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-37210 affects Nagios XI versions prior to 2024R1.4.2. It is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability within the Business Process Intelligence (BPI) component. The issue arises from insufficient validation and sanitization of administrator-controlled BPI configuration parameters, specifically bpi_logfile and bpi_configfile. This allows an authenticated administrative user to create or overwrite files within the webroot and subsequently edit them via the BPI configuration editor. If these files carry executable extensions and are served by the web application, arbitrary code may be executed in the context of the web application user.
Severity Evaluation:
- Base Score: 9.4
- Base Score Version: 4.0
- Base Score Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
The high base score indicates a critical vulnerability. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requires low complexity (AC:L), and does not require user interaction (UI:N). The attacker needs high privileges (PR:H), but the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (VC:H, VI:H, VA:H). The scope change (SC:H) and the impact on the security requirements (SI:H, SA:H) are also high.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Authenticated Administrative Access: The attacker must have administrative privileges to exploit this vulnerability. This can be achieved through credential theft, social engineering, or exploiting other vulnerabilities that grant administrative access.
- BPI Configuration Parameters: The attacker can manipulate the
bpi_logfileandbpi_configfileparameters to create or overwrite files within the webroot.
Exploitation Methods:
- File Creation/Overwrite: The attacker can create or overwrite files with executable extensions (e.g.,
.php,.py) within the webroot. - Code Execution: By editing the created files via the BPI configuration editor, the attacker can inject malicious code that will be executed by the web application.
- Privilege Escalation: Successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary command execution with the privileges of the Nagios XI web application user, potentially allowing further control of the underlying host operating system.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Nagios XI versions prior to 2024R1.4.2
Software Versions:
- All versions of Nagios XI before 2024R1.4.2 are vulnerable to this RCE issue.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Upgrade: Upgrade to Nagios XI version 2024R1.4.2 or later, which includes the fix for this vulnerability.
- Access Control: Restrict administrative access to trusted personnel only.
- Monitoring: Implement monitoring and logging to detect any suspicious activities related to BPI configuration changes.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Regular Updates: Ensure that all software, including Nagios XI, is regularly updated to the latest versions.
- Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate potential risks.
- Least Privilege: Apply the principle of least privilege to limit the capabilities of administrative users.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using Nagios XI for network monitoring and management. Given the widespread use of Nagios XI in various sectors, including government, healthcare, and finance, the potential impact on the European cybersecurity landscape is substantial. Successful exploitation can lead to data breaches, service disruptions, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Component: Business Process Intelligence (BPI)
- Parameters:
bpi_logfile,bpi_configfile - Exploitation: Insufficient validation and sanitization allow file creation/overwrite within the webroot.
Detection:
- Log Analysis: Monitor logs for unusual activities related to BPI configuration changes.
- File Integrity Monitoring: Implement file integrity monitoring to detect unauthorized changes to files within the webroot.
Response:
- Incident Response: Have an incident response plan in place to quickly address any detected exploitation attempts.
- Patch Management: Ensure that patch management processes are robust and that patches are applied promptly.
References:
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and implementing robust security measures, organizations can mitigate the risk and protect their systems from potential exploitation.