Description
Nagios Fusion versions prior to 2024R2.1 contain a brute-force bypass in the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) implementation. The application did not properly enforce rate limiting or account lockout for repeated failed 2FA verification attempts, allowing a remote attacker to repeatedly try second-factor codes for a targeted account. By abusing the lack of enforcement, an attacker could eventually successfully authenticate to accounts protected by 2FA.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-37225
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-37225 affects Nagios Fusion versions prior to 2024R2.1. The issue lies in the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) implementation, where the application fails to enforce rate limiting or account lockout for repeated failed 2FA verification attempts. This allows a remote attacker to perform a brute-force attack on the second-factor codes, potentially leading to unauthorized access to accounts protected by 2FA.
Severity Evaluation:
- CVSS Base Score: 9.3
- CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The high base score of 9.3 indicates a critical vulnerability. The vector string highlights that the attack can be executed remotely (AV:N), requires low complexity (AC:L), and does not need user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (VC:H, VI:H, VA:H).
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Brute-Force Attack: An attacker can repeatedly attempt to guess the second-factor codes without being locked out or rate-limited.
- Automated Scripts: Attackers can use automated scripts to systematically try different 2FA codes until they gain access.
Exploitation Methods:
- Network Scanning: Identify vulnerable Nagios Fusion instances.
- Credential Stuffing: Use known or guessed credentials to initiate the 2FA process and then brute-force the second-factor codes.
- Phishing: Trick users into revealing their 2FA codes, which can then be used in conjunction with the brute-force attack.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Nagios Fusion versions prior to 2024R2.1
Software Versions:
- All versions of Nagios Fusion before the release of 2024R2.1 are vulnerable to this issue.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Actions:
- Upgrade: Immediately upgrade to Nagios Fusion version 2024R2.1 or later.
- Rate Limiting: Implement rate limiting for 2FA verification attempts.
- Account Lockout: Enforce account lockout policies after a certain number of failed 2FA attempts.
Long-Term Strategies:
- Monitoring: Implement monitoring and alerting for repeated failed 2FA attempts.
- User Education: Educate users on the importance of strong 2FA codes and the risks of phishing attacks.
- Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits to identify and mitigate similar vulnerabilities.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations using Nagios Fusion for monitoring and management, particularly those in critical infrastructure sectors such as healthcare, finance, and government. Unauthorized access to these systems can lead to data breaches, service disruptions, and potential financial losses. The European Union's emphasis on data protection and cybersecurity makes this vulnerability particularly concerning, as it could result in non-compliance with regulations such as GDPR.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- CVE ID: CVE-2025-34249
- Vulnerability Type: Brute-force bypass in 2FA implementation
- Affected Component: 2FA verification process
Detection and Response:
- Log Analysis: Analyze logs for repeated failed 2FA attempts to detect potential brute-force attacks.
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to monitor for unusual 2FA activity.
- Incident Response: Develop an incident response plan specifically for 2FA-related attacks, including steps for containment, eradication, and recovery.
References:
Conclusion: The vulnerability in Nagios Fusion's 2FA implementation is critical and requires immediate attention. Organizations should prioritize upgrading to the latest version and implementing robust rate limiting and account lockout mechanisms to mitigate the risk of brute-force attacks. Continuous monitoring and user education are essential for long-term security.