EUVD-2025-4193

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-4193

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-4193 pertains to the firmware of Wattsense Bridge devices, which contain hard-coded user and root credentials. These credentials can be easily recovered through password cracking attempts, allowing unauthorized access to the device via a serial interface. The severity of this vulnerability is rated with a CVSS Base Score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk. The CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H highlights the following characteristics:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) - The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) - The attack requires minimal skill or resources.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) - No prior privileges are needed to exploit the vulnerability.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) - No user interaction is required for the attack to succeed.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) - The vulnerability affects the same security scope.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) - Complete loss of confidentiality.
• Integrity (I): High (H) - Complete loss of integrity.
• Availability (A): High (H) - Complete loss of availability.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

• Password Cracking: Attackers can use brute-force or dictionary attacks to recover the hard-coded credentials.
• Serial Interface Access: Once the credentials are recovered, attackers can log into the device via the serial interface, gaining unauthorized access.
• Remote Exploitation: Given the network attack vector, attackers can potentially exploit this vulnerability remotely if the serial interface is exposed to the network.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The vulnerability affects all Wattsense Bridge devices running firmware versions below 6.4.1. The backdoor user has been removed in firmware BSP version 6.4.1 and later.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

• Firmware Update: Immediately update the firmware to version 6.4.1 or later, which removes the backdoor user.
• Access Control: Restrict physical and network access to the serial interface of the devices.
• Monitoring: Implement monitoring and logging to detect any unauthorized access attempts.
• Network Segmentation: Segregate the devices from the main network to limit the attack surface.
• Credential Management: Change default credentials and enforce strong, unique passwords.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly in sectors utilizing Wattsense Bridge devices, such as industrial control systems, smart buildings, and energy management. Unauthorized access to these devices can lead to data breaches, operational disruptions, and potential physical damage. The critical nature of the vulnerability underscores the need for robust cybersecurity measures and timely updates to mitigate risks.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

• Hard-Coded Credentials: The firmware contains static user and root credentials, which are susceptible to password cracking.
• Serial Interface Exposure: The login shell exposed via the serial interface allows attackers to gain administrative access.
• Firmware Version: The vulnerability is present in firmware versions below 6.4.1. Upgrading to version 6.4.1 or later mitigates the risk.
• References:
  • SEC-Consult Report
  • Wattsense Release Notes
  • NVD CVE-2025-26410

Conclusion

EUVD-2025-4193 represents a critical vulnerability in Wattsense Bridge devices, necessitating immediate action to update firmware and implement robust security measures. The potential for remote exploitation and the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability make this a priority for cybersecurity professionals to address promptly.