Description
A Use After Free vulnerability on UniFi Protect Cameras could allow a Remote Code Execution (RCE) by a malicious actor with access to UniFi Protect Cameras management network.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-5916
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2025-5916 is a Use After Free (UAF) issue in UniFi Protect Cameras, which can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE). The CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) base score of 9.0 indicates a critical severity level. The CVSS vector CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H breaks down as follows:
- Attack Vector (AV:N): Network, meaning the vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
- Attack Complexity (AC:H): High, indicating that the attack requires specific conditions or knowledge.
- Privileges Required (PR:N): None, meaning no privileges are required to exploit the vulnerability.
- User Interaction (UI:N): None, indicating that no user interaction is required.
- Scope (S:C): Changed, meaning the vulnerability affects a different security scope.
- Confidentiality (C:H): High, indicating a complete loss of confidentiality.
- Integrity (I:H): High, indicating a complete loss of integrity.
- Availability (A:H): High, indicating a complete loss of availability.
This high severity score underscores the critical nature of the vulnerability, which could lead to significant security breaches if exploited.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
The primary attack vector is through the management network of UniFi Protect Cameras. An attacker could exploit the UAF vulnerability by sending crafted network packets to the affected device. The high attack complexity suggests that the attacker needs specific knowledge of the system and the vulnerability to successfully exploit it.
Potential exploitation methods include:
- Network Scanning: Identifying vulnerable UniFi Protect Cameras on the network.
- Crafted Packets: Sending specially crafted packets to trigger the UAF condition.
- Memory Corruption: Exploiting the UAF to corrupt memory and execute arbitrary code.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
The vulnerability affects UniFi Protect Cameras running software versions prior to 4.74.106. Specifically, the ENISA ID Product entry indicates that versions below 4.74.106 are vulnerable.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
To mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, the following strategies are recommended:
- Software Update: Immediately update UniFi Protect Cameras to version 4.74.106 or later.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate the management network of UniFi Protect Cameras from other networks to limit exposure.
- Access Control: Implement strict access controls to limit who can access the management network.
- Monitoring and Logging: Enhance monitoring and logging to detect any suspicious activity that may indicate an attempted exploit.
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to detect and alert on any unusual network traffic patterns.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals using UniFi Protect Cameras within the European Union. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, it could be exploited to compromise security systems, leading to data breaches, unauthorized access, and potential disruption of services. The impact could be particularly severe in sectors such as healthcare, finance, and critical infrastructure, where security cameras are widely used.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Vulnerability Details:
- Type: Use After Free (UAF)
- Impact: Remote Code Execution (RCE)
- Affected Component: UniFi Protect Cameras management network
Exploitation Steps:
- Identify Target: Use network scanning tools to identify vulnerable UniFi Protect Cameras.
- Craft Exploit: Develop a crafted packet that triggers the UAF condition.
- Execute Exploit: Send the crafted packet to the target device.
- Gain Control: Exploit the UAF to execute arbitrary code on the device.
Detection and Response:
- Detection: Implement network-based IDS to detect unusual traffic patterns.
- Response: Immediately isolate affected devices and update to the latest software version. Conduct a thorough investigation to determine the extent of the compromise and take appropriate remediation actions.
References:
By following these recommendations and staying vigilant, organizations can significantly reduce the risk posed by this vulnerability.