Description
A lack of rate limiting in the login page of Safe App version a3.0.9 allows attackers to bypass authentication via a brute force attack.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-6689
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
Vulnerability Description: The vulnerability identified in EUVD-2025-6689 pertains to a lack of rate limiting on the login page of Safe App version a3.0.9. This flaw allows attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms through brute force attacks.
Severity Evaluation:
The Base Score of 9.8, as per CVSS 3.1, indicates a critical severity level. The vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H breaks down as follows:
- Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
- Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
- Privileges Required (PR): None (N)
- User Interaction (UI): None (N)
- Scope (S): Unchanged (U)
- Confidentiality (C): High (H)
- Integrity (I): High (H)
- Availability (A): High (H)
This high score reflects the significant risk posed by the vulnerability, as it can be exploited remotely with low complexity, requiring no privileges or user interaction, and can lead to complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Brute Force Attack: Attackers can exploit the lack of rate limiting to attempt multiple login attempts in a short period, eventually guessing the correct credentials.
- Credential Stuffing: Using previously breached credentials from other services to gain unauthorized access.
- Automated Scripts: Employing automated scripts to systematically try different combinations of usernames and passwords.
Exploitation Methods:
- Automated Tools: Utilizing tools like Hydra, Medusa, or custom scripts to perform brute force attacks.
- Botnets: Leveraging botnets to distribute the attack load and avoid detection.
- Phishing: Combining brute force with phishing to obtain initial credentials and then using automated tools to escalate privileges.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Safe App version a3.0.9
Software Versions:
- All installations of Safe App version a3.0.9 are vulnerable.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigation:
- Rate Limiting: Implement rate limiting on the login page to restrict the number of login attempts within a specific time frame.
- Account Lockout: Temporarily lock accounts after a certain number of failed login attempts.
- CAPTCHA: Introduce CAPTCHA challenges to prevent automated login attempts.
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Enforce MFA to add an additional layer of security.
Long-Term Mitigation:
- Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and fix similar vulnerabilities.
- User Education: Educate users on the importance of strong, unique passwords and the risks of phishing attacks.
- Monitoring and Alerts: Implement monitoring and alerting systems to detect and respond to unusual login activity.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability in Safe App version a3.0.9 poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly for organizations and individuals relying on the app for secure communications and data storage. The potential for unauthorized access to sensitive information can lead to data breaches, financial losses, and reputational damage. The high severity score underscores the need for immediate action to mitigate the risk and protect user data.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Technical Analysis:
- Vulnerability Type: Authentication Bypass via Brute Force
- Exploitability: High, due to the lack of rate limiting and the ease of automated attacks.
- Detection: Monitor login attempts and look for patterns indicative of brute force attacks, such as multiple failed attempts from the same IP address.
- Response: Implement rate limiting, account lockout, and CAPTCHA challenges. Enforce MFA and conduct regular security audits.
References:
Additional Resources:
- Mitre Assigner: Mitre
- EPSS: Not Available
- ENISA ID Product: [{"id":"fe64117b-afa6-3001-8c9e-a256282d2875","product":{"name":"n/a"},"product_version":"n/a"}]
- ENISA ID Vendor: [{"id":"144b1f94-1d17-3244-8743-e2ed1c6552e3","vendor":{"name":"n/a"}}]
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and effectively, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access and data breaches, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the European cybersecurity landscape.