Description
WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling attackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate data sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discovered charging station identifier, then issue or receive OCPP commands as a legitimate charger. Given that no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege escalation, unauthorized control of charging infrastructure, and corruption of charging network data reported to the backend.
EPSS Score:
0%
Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2026-10034
1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation
The vulnerability described in EUVD-2026-10034 pertains to the lack of proper authentication mechanisms in WebSocket endpoints, specifically within the context of the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP). This flaw allows attackers to impersonate charging stations and manipulate data sent to the backend systems. The CVSS base score of 9.3 indicates a critical severity level, reflecting the potential for significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
CVSS Vector Breakdown:
- AV:N (Network Vector): The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
- AC:L (Low Attack Complexity): The attack requires minimal skill and resources.
- AT:N (No Authentication Required): No authentication is needed to exploit the vulnerability.
- PR:N (No Privileges Required): No special privileges are required for exploitation.
- UI:N (No User Interaction): No user interaction is necessary.
- VC:H (High Confidentiality Impact): The vulnerability can lead to significant confidentiality breaches.
- VI:H (High Integrity Impact): The vulnerability can lead to significant integrity breaches.
- VA:L (Low Availability Impact): The vulnerability has a low impact on availability.
- SC:N (No Scope Change): The vulnerability does not change the security scope.
- SI:N (No Scope Change): The vulnerability does not change the security scope.
- SA:N (No Scope Change): The vulnerability does not change the security scope.
2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods
Attack Vectors:
- Unauthenticated Access: An attacker can connect to the OCPP WebSocket endpoint without any authentication.
- Station Impersonation: By using known or discovered charging station identifiers, attackers can impersonate legitimate charging stations.
- Command Injection: Attackers can issue or receive OCPP commands, manipulating the charging infrastructure and backend data.
Exploitation Methods:
- Network Scanning: Identify vulnerable WebSocket endpoints through network scanning.
- Identifier Enumeration: Enumerate charging station identifiers through brute-force or social engineering.
- Command Execution: Send malicious OCPP commands to control charging stations or corrupt backend data.
3. Affected Systems and Software Versions
Affected Systems:
- Product: e-mobi.hu
- Vendor: Mobiliti
- Versions: All versions
The vulnerability affects all versions of the e-mobi.hu product, indicating a widespread issue within the charging infrastructure managed by Mobiliti.
4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies
Immediate Mitigations:
- Implement Authentication: Enforce strong authentication mechanisms for WebSocket endpoints.
- Access Controls: Implement strict access controls and network segmentation to limit exposure.
- Monitoring: Enhance monitoring and logging to detect and respond to unauthorized access attempts.
Long-Term Mitigations:
- Patch Management: Apply vendor-provided patches and updates as soon as they are available.
- Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and remediate vulnerabilities.
- User Education: Educate users and administrators on best practices for securing charging infrastructure.
5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape
The vulnerability poses a significant risk to the European cybersecurity landscape, particularly in the context of critical infrastructure such as electric vehicle (EV) charging networks. Unauthorized control of charging stations can lead to disruptions in service, financial losses, and potential safety risks. The lack of authentication in WebSocket endpoints highlights the need for robust security measures in IoT and industrial control systems.
6. Technical Details for Security Professionals
Detection:
- Network Traffic Analysis: Monitor network traffic for unauthorized WebSocket connections and OCPP commands.
- Log Analysis: Review logs for unusual activity or unauthorized access attempts.
Response:
- Incident Response Plan: Develop and implement an incident response plan tailored to OCPP vulnerabilities.
- Forensic Analysis: Conduct forensic analysis to trace the source of unauthorized access and understand the scope of the breach.
Prevention:
- Secure Coding Practices: Adopt secure coding practices to ensure proper authentication and access controls.
- Regular Updates: Ensure that all systems and software are regularly updated with the latest security patches.
References:
By addressing this vulnerability promptly and comprehensively, organizations can mitigate the risks associated with unauthorized access to charging infrastructure and ensure the integrity and security of their systems.