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Understanding File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Network ProtocolsCybersecurity RisksFile Transfer MethodsWeb Development ToolsData Security

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between computers over a network. It is widely used for uploading and downloading files but lacks security features.

Key Points

  • FTP operates on a client-server model.
  • It allows users to upload, download, delete, rename, move, and copy files on a server.
  • FTP uses TCP port 21 for control connections and TCP port 20 for data transfer.
  • FTP does not encrypt data or login credentials, making it vulnerable to attacks.

How FTP Works

Client-Server Model

FTP operates on a client-server model, where the client initiates the connection to the server. The server then responds to the client's requests, allowing for file transfers and management.

TCP Ports

  • Control Connection: Uses TCP port 21.
  • Data Transfer: Uses TCP port 20.

Security Concerns

FTP does not encrypt data or login credentials, making it vulnerable to attacks.

Practical Example

Using an FTP client like FileZilla to upload website files to a web server.

Real-World Application

Web developers use FTP to transfer website files from their local machines to remote servers for hosting.

Key Takeaways

  • FTP is efficient for file transfers but lacks security.
  • Use FTPS or SFTP for secure file transfers.
  • Always use strong, unique passwords for FTP accounts to mitigate risks.

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