EUVD-2025-204815

Comprehensive Technical Analysis of EUVD-2025-204815

1. Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Evaluation

The vulnerability EUVD-2025-204815 affects the Tenda WH450 router, specifically version 1.0.0.18. The flaw resides in the HTTP Request Handler component, particularly in the file /goform/Natlimit. The issue is a stack-based buffer overflow caused by the manipulation of the argument page. This vulnerability is severe, with a CVSS base score of 9.3, indicating a critical risk.

CVSS Vector Breakdown:

• AV:N (Network Vector): The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network.
• AC:L (Low Complexity): The attack requires low skill or resources to exploit.
• AT:N (No Authentication): No authentication is required to exploit the vulnerability.
• PR:N (No Privileges Required): No special privileges are needed.
• UI:N (No User Interaction): No user interaction is required.
• VC:H (High Confidentiality Impact): The vulnerability can lead to a significant breach of confidentiality.
• VI:H (High Integrity Impact): The vulnerability can lead to a significant breach of integrity.
• VA:H (High Availability Impact): The vulnerability can lead to a significant breach of availability.
• SC:N (No Scope Change): The vulnerability does not change the security scope.
• SI:N (No Scope Change): The vulnerability does not change the security scope.
• SA:N (No Scope Change): The vulnerability does not change the security scope.
• E:P (Proof of Concept Exists): An exploit has been published and may be used.

2. Potential Attack Vectors and Exploitation Methods

The primary attack vector is remote exploitation via crafted HTTP requests targeting the /goform/Natlimit endpoint. An attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP request with a manipulated page argument to trigger a stack-based buffer overflow. This can lead to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or other malicious activities.

Exploitation Methods:

• Remote Code Execution (RCE): By exploiting the buffer overflow, an attacker can execute arbitrary code on the affected device.
• Denial of Service (DoS): The buffer overflow can cause the device to crash or become unresponsive.
• Data Exfiltration: An attacker could potentially exfiltrate sensitive data from the device.

3. Affected Systems and Software Versions

The vulnerability specifically affects:

• Product: Tenda WH450
• Version: 1.0.0.18

Other versions of the Tenda WH450 and similar devices may also be affected, but this has not been confirmed. Users and administrators should verify the firmware version and apply updates as necessary.

4. Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Immediate Actions:

• Patch Management: Apply the latest firmware updates provided by Tenda.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate affected devices from critical networks to limit potential damage.
• Firewall Rules: Implement strict firewall rules to block unauthorized access to the HTTP Request Handler.
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Deploy IDS to monitor for suspicious activity targeting the /goform/Natlimit endpoint.

Long-Term Strategies:

• Regular Audits: Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments.
• User Education: Educate users on the importance of keeping firmware up to date and recognizing phishing attempts.
• Vendor Communication: Maintain open communication with Tenda for updates and patches.

5. Impact on European Cybersecurity Landscape

The vulnerability poses a significant risk to European organizations and individuals using the Tenda WH450 router. Given the widespread use of routers in both home and enterprise environments, the potential for large-scale attacks is high. This underscores the need for robust cybersecurity measures and timely patch management practices across the EU.

6. Technical Details for Security Professionals

Vulnerability Details:

• Component: HTTP Request Handler
• File: /goform/Natlimit
• Function: Unknown function handling the page argument
• Type: Stack-based buffer overflow

Exploit Availability:

• Proof of Concept (PoC): Available on GitHub (https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/Natlimit/Natlimit.md)
• Reproduction Steps: Detailed in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/Natlimit/Natlimit.md#reproduce)

References:

• NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15045
• VulDB: https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.337850
• Tenda Official Website: https://www.tenda.com.cn

Aliases:

• CVE: CVE-2025-15045
• GHSA: GHSA-4j3m-26r9-2c7v

Assigner: VulDB

ENISA IDs:

• Product: 7370fda8-6467-3aa5-9b89-944e79df4da3
• Vendor: 7c4e7cf6-925b-3b8f-a283-495b09dd20f6

This comprehensive analysis should help cybersecurity professionals understand the severity and implications of EUVD-2025-204815 and take appropriate actions to mitigate the risk.